Tips

45 Night Driving Safety Tips for Filipino Drivers

Driving at night in the Philippines presents its own set of challenges, from poorly lit roads to unexpected obstacles, unpredictable traffic, and diverse road conditions. To ensure a fun and smooth journey after sunset, the Land Transportation Office (LTO) always reminds Filipino drivers to take the right precautions and prioritize night driving safety. In this article, we’ll explore some of the most common night driving safety tips on how Filipino drivers can safely navigate the nocturnal roads of the Philippines with confidence and caution and still get to their destination unscathed and in one piece.

Remembering and observing night driving safety tips when driving on Philippine roads at night is essential to mitigate the unique challenges posed by limited visibility, diverse road conditions, and various potential hazards. By prioritizing safety, drivers contribute to a safer road environment for themselves and others, reducing the likelihood of accidents and promoting responsible driving habits.

safety tips for driving at night philippines

Night Driving in the Philippines

Night driving in the Philippines refers to the act of operating a vehicle on the roads during the nighttime hours, typically between sunset and sunrise. This period poses unique challenges and considerations for drivers due to reduced visibility, varying road conditions, and potential hazards that may be more pronounced after dark.

Factors that Contribute to Safe Driving at Night

Several factors contribute to the challenges and distinct nature of night driving in the Philippines

  • Limited Street Lighting: Many roads in the Philippines, especially in rural or less developed areas, may lack sufficient street lighting. This can make it challenging for drivers to see the road clearly and anticipate obstacles.
  • Presence of Pedestrians and Animals: In certain areas, pedestrians and animals might share the roads with vehicles, and their visibility can be compromised at night. Drivers need to be vigilant to avoid accidents involving pedestrians or animals.
  • Unpredictable Road Conditions: The condition of roads can vary significantly, ranging from well-maintained highways to poorly maintained rural roads. Drivers must navigate these conditions carefully, especially when visibility is reduced.
  • Roadside Breakdowns: Breakdowns are more challenging at night, especially if the driver is not adequately prepared. Carrying emergency tools, a flashlight, and maintaining a well-maintained vehicle can mitigate the risks associated with roadside issues after dark.
  • Weather Conditions: The Philippines experiences diverse weather patterns, including sudden rain showers or fog, which can impact visibility. Adapting to these changes and adjusting driving behavior accordingly is crucial for safe night driving.
  • Traffic Challenges: Even during the nighttime, traffic congestion can be a concern in urban areas. Negotiating traffic, adhering to traffic rules, and avoiding aggressive driving are important aspects of night driving.
  • Driver Fatigue: Night driving may coincide with periods when drivers are naturally more fatigued. Combating driver fatigue through breaks, staying alert, and avoiding distractions becomes particularly important during nighttime travel.
  • Drunk Driving Risks: The risk of encountering drunk drivers tends to increase during the nighttime, especially on weekends or holidays. Being cautious and reporting suspected impaired drivers contributes to overall road safety.
  • Cultural and Local Factors: Driving habits and road culture can vary by region in the Philippines. Understanding and respecting local norms and practices is important for navigating roads safely, especially at night.

To address these challenges and ensure safe night driving in the Philippines, drivers are encouraged to follow specific safety tips such as maintaining vehicle lights, reducing speed, staying focused, and being aware of their surroundings. 

45 Tips to Stay Safe When Driving at Night

By doing so, drivers can contribute to a safer road environment for themselves and fellow road users, even in the unique conditions presented by night driving in the Philippines.

Ensure Proper Lighting

Make sure your vehicle’s headlights, taillights, and signal lights are in good working condition. Adjust your headlights properly to avoid blinding oncoming drivers.

Clean Your Headlights

Regularly clean your headlights and replace them if they’re dim or cloudy. Consider using specialized headlight cleaning kits for optimal visibility.

Drive Slower at Night

Reduce your speed after dark, as visibility is limited, and unexpected obstacles may appear. Follow posted speed limits and adjust your speed according to road conditions.

Stay Alert and Focused

Avoid distractions like mobile phones or eating while driving. Be vigilant for pedestrians, animals, and other potential hazards.

Keep a Safe Following Distance

Maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front of you. A greater following distance at night is ideal in cases of sudden stops or unexpected obstacles to allow for longer reaction times. This precaution is especially crucial considering the possibility of reduced visibility.

Use High Beams Wisely

Switch to high beams only when there’s no oncoming traffic or when following another vehicle. Dim your lights promptly when approaching or being approached by another driver to avoid blinding the driver in front. Avoid using high beams in foggy conditions, as high beams can reflect off the moisture and reduce visibility. Instead, you can use low beams and fog lights as needed.

Be Mindful of Other Drivers

Understand that some drivers may struggle with night vision, so be considerate with your high beams. Use your turn signals early to give ample notice to other drivers.

Regular Vehicle Maintenance

Ensure your brakes, tires, and steering are in top condition to handle unexpected situations. It’s best to regularly check and replace windshield wipers for clear visibility during rain.

Plan Your Route in Advance

Familiarize yourself with the route before starting your journey, especially if it involves unfamiliar roads. Knowing the road layout and potential hazards helps in making informed decisions.

Use GPS for Navigation

Use a reliable GPS navigation system to avoid getting lost in unfamiliar areas, especially at night. Use GPS or navigation apps to stay informed about upcoming turns and exits.

Watch for Animals

Be cautious of wildlife, especially in rural areas. Slow down and use caution, particularly when entering areas with signs warning of wildlife or those known for frequent animal crossings.

Avoid Overloading

Do not overload your vehicle, as it can impact handling and stability, especially at night. Distribute weight evenly to maintain control.

Beware of Two-Wheelers

Motorcycles and bicycles may be less visible at night, so exercise caution. Check your blind spots and use the mirrors frequently.

Use Reflective Materials

Consider adding reflective tape to your vehicle for better visibility. Wear reflective clothing if you need to exit your vehicle on the road.

Stay Informed About Road Conditions

Be aware of ongoing construction or road repairs. Use traffic apps to stay updated on accidents or congestion.

Minimize Glare from Oncoming Vehicles

Look slightly to the right when faced with oncoming headlights. Adjust your rearview mirror to reduce the glare from vehicles behind you.

Emergency Kit Essentials

Keep an emergency kit in your vehicle, including a flashlight, first aid supplies, and reflective triangles. In case of a breakdown, visibility and safety are paramount.

Watch for Drunk Drivers

Be cautious of erratic driving behavior, a potential sign of drunk driving. Maintain a safe distance and report suspicious behavior if possible.

Stay Sober

Avoid driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs as it impairs your judgment and coordination, significantly increasing the risk of accidents. Make sure to arrange for a designated driver or alternative transportation if needed.

Educate Yourself

Stay informed about new driving regulations and safety guidelines. Consider taking defensive driving courses to enhance your skills.

Check Your Lights Regularly

Ensure that all your vehicle lights—headlights, taillights, brake lights, and turn signals—are in good working condition. Regularly inspect and replace bulbs as needed.

Use High-Quality Headlights

Invest in high-quality headlights that provide clear illumination. Adjust them properly to avoid blinding oncoming drivers and use the high beams judiciously.

Clean Your Windshield

A clean windshield is crucial for visibility. Keep it free from smudges, streaks, and dust. Replace worn-out wipers to maintain clear visibility during rain or mist.

Reduce Speed

Slow down when driving at night. Reduced visibility requires extra reaction time, and lower speeds enhance safety.

Avoid Overdriving Your Headlights

Drive at a speed that allows you to stop within the illuminated area of your headlights. This prevents the risk of not seeing obstacles in time.

Stay Alert and Focused

Night driving demands heightened focus. Avoid distractions such as texting or talking on the phone, and refrain from drowsy driving.

Take Breaks if Fatigued

If you feel tired, take a break. If you go on a long journey, take breaks to avoid fatigue as it can impair reaction times and decision-making skills, significantly increasing the risk of accidents, while rest stops can refresh your focus.

Be Mindful of Pedestrians

Watch out for pedestrians, especially in poorly lit areas. Always yield the right of way and be prepared for unexpected crossings.

Use Road Markings as Guides

Follow road markings to stay within your lane, especially when the road is poorly lit. This helps prevent unintentional drifting.

Dim Your Dashboard Lights

Dim the lights on your dashboard to reduce internal reflections and eye strain, promoting better external visibility.

Stay Informed About Road Conditions

Check the weather and road condition updates before starting your journey. Being aware of potential hazards allows for better preparation.

Have Your Eyes Checked Regularly

Good vision is essential for night driving. Schedule regular eye check-ups to ensure optimal eyesight.

Secure Loose Items in Your Car

Loose items can become projectiles in the event of a sudden stop or collision. Secure them properly to avoid unnecessary hazards.

Beware of Drunk Drivers

Be extra cautious, especially during weekends and holidays, when the likelihood of encountering drunk drivers may increase.

Use Your Horn Wisely

Use your horn sparingly and only when necessary. Excessive honking can contribute to noise pollution and distract other drivers.

Secure Loose Items in Your Car

Loose items can become projectiles in the event of a sudden stop or collision. Secure them properly to avoid unnecessary hazards.

Be Prepared for Emergency Situations

Carry a flashlight, first aid kit, and emergency tools in your vehicle. In case of breakdowns or accidents, these items can be invaluable.

Park in Well-Lit Areas

When parking at night, choose well-lit areas to enhance security and visibility. Avoid secluded or poorly lit parking spaces.

Follow Traffic Rules

Adhere to traffic rules and regulations. This includes obeying speed limits, traffic signals, and road signs, promoting a safer driving environment.

Stay Updated on Vehicle Maintenance

Regularly service your vehicle to ensure optimal performance. Well-maintained vehicles are more reliable and safer on the road.

Invest in Anti-Glare Mirrors

Anti-glare rearview mirrors can reduce the impact of headlights from vehicles behind you, improving overall visibility.

Use Turn Signals Early

Signal your intentions well in advance to give other drivers ample time to react, reducing the risk of sudden maneuvers.

Use Your Horn Wisely

Use your horn sparingly and only when necessary. Excessive honking can contribute to noise pollution and distract other drivers.

Keep Important Documents with You

Keeping important documents with you while driving at night in the Philippines is a practical and precautionary measure. It helps facilitate interactions with authorities, ensures compliance with regulations, and provides essential information in case of emergencies or unforeseen situations, contributing to a safer and more secure driving experience.

Practice Defensive Driving

Adopt a defensive driving mindset. Be prepared for the unexpected, anticipate potential risks, and prioritize safety at all times.

Summary

As Filipino drivers take to the roads after dark, implementing these night driving safety tips can significantly enhance their safety and the safety of others. By prioritizing visibility, attentiveness, and caution, drivers can navigate the challenges of night driving in the Philippines with confidence and responsibility. After all, safety should always be a top priority, especially when the sun sets and the challenges of the night road unfold. On top of the safety benefits, keeping these tips in mind would also ensure that you get from point A to point B safely in one piece and without the complications of violations and accidents. After all, the rules of the road still holds at night, more so because of the increased risks that the dark poses to driver, passengers, and pedestrians alike.

RA 10883: New Anti-Carnapping Act of 2016 Philippines

The Republic Act No. 10883, also known as the “New Anti-Carnapping Act of 2016,” is a new law designed to impose stiffer penalties and stricter implementation practices against carjacking, making it a non-bailable offense if the evidence of guilt is strong. It is a newer and stricter version of the Republic Act No. 6539, or the Anti-Carnapping Act of 1972, and was enacted to curb the theft of motor vehicles more effectively. Apparently, RA 6539 was ineffective, hence the new and more comprehensive anti-carnapping law was enacted to address the problem of rampant carnapping that has disenfranchised rightful owners to exercise their property rights.

The new Anti-Carnapping Act lapsed into law under the Duterte administration, effectively repealing the Anti-Carnapping act of 1972 (RA 6539) in the hopes of reducing carnapping incidence and giving vehicle owners peace of mind.

RA 10883 Anti-Carnapping Act

What is RA 10883?

RA 10883 refers to the New Anti-Carnapping Act of 2016. It is a law designed to reduce the incidence of carnapping or the taking, with intent to gain, of a motor vehicle belonging to another without the latter’s consent, or by means of violence against or intimidation of persons, or by using force upon things. It’s a special law  against carnapping, a crime that shares similar features and characteristics to robbery and theft, though it is exclusively designed to address the unlawful taking of a motor vehicle.

Scope and Provisions of RA 10883

The New Anti-Carnapping Act of 2016 clearly defines the crimes, requirements and prohibited acts relevant to carnapping in the Philippines as follows:

Crimes

The crimes of carnapping involves the following:

  • Carnapping

“Carnapping” refers to the taking, with intent to gain, of a motor vehicle belonging to another without the latter’s consent, or by means of violence against or intimidation of persons, or by using force. 

  • Concealment of Carnapping

Any person who conceals carnapping shall be punished under the law. 

Prohibited Acts

Other prohibited acts include:

  • Defacing or tampering with serial numbers of motor vehicle engines/etc.

It shall be unlawful for any person to deface or otherwise tamper with the original or registered serial number of motor vehicle engines, engine blocks and chassis.  

  • Identity transfer

It shall be unlawful for any person, office or entity to cause and/or allow the sale, registration, and/or transfer into another name, the chassis number, engine number and plate number of a motor vehicle declared as “total wreck” or beyond economic repair by concerned insurance company, and/or law enforcement agencies, due to its involvement in a vehicular accident or for some other causes. The LTO shall cancel the registration of total wreck vehicles as reported by the PNP and/or as declared by the Insurance Commission.  

  • Transfer of vehicle plate

It shall be unlawful for any person, office or entity to transfer or use a vehicle plate from one vehicle to another without securing the proper authority from the LTO.  

  • Sale of second hand spare parts

It shall be unlawful for any person, office or entity to buy and/or sell any second hand spare parts taken from a carnapped vehicle.  

  • Kambal (or double registration)

It shall be unlawful for any person or employee who willfully encodes in the registry of motor vehicles a non-existing vehicle or without history, new identity of already existing vehicle or double/multiple registration (“KAMBAL”) of vehicle.

Registration Requirements

  • Original registration

Any person seeking the original registration of motor vehicles that are either newly assembled or rebuilt or acquired from a registered owner, shall, within one (1) week after the completion of the assembly or rebuilding job or the acquisition from the registered owner, must apply to the Philippine National Police (PNP) for the clearance of the motor vehicle for registration with the LTO.

  • Permanent registry of motor vehicle, motor vehicle engines, engine blocks, and chassis

The LTO shall keep a permanent registry of motor vehicle, motor vehicle engines, engine blocks and chassis of all motor vehicles, specifying their type, make, serial numbers and stating therein the names and addresses of their present and previous owners. 

  • Registration of sale, transfer, conveyance, etc.

Every sale, transfer, conveyance of a motor vehicle, substitution or replacement of a motor vehicle engine, engine block or chassis of a motor vehicle must be registered with the LTO within twenty (20) working days upon purchase/acquisition of a motor vehicle and substitution or replacement of a motor vehicle engine, engine block or chassis. Failure to do so would result in getting the motor vehicle, motor vehicle engine, engine block or chassis to be presumed as a carnapped vehicle, an untaxed imported vehicle, or a vehicle proceeding from illegal sources and confiscated in favor of the government. 

  • Clearance and permit for assembly or rebuilding

Any person who needs to undertake assembly or rebuilding or cause the assembly or rebuilding of a motor vehicle needs to secure a certificate of clearance from the PNP first. Before doing so, the applicant must provide a statement under oath containing the type, make and serial numbers of the engine, chassis and body, if any, and the complete list of the spare parts of the motor vehicle to be assembled or rebuilt together with the names and addresses of the sources of each. 

In the cases of motor vehicle engines to be mounted on motor boats, motor bancas, water crafts and other light water vessels, the applicant also needs to secure a permit from the PNP, which will in turn furnish the LTO pertinent data concerning the motor vehicle engines including their type, make, and serial numbers. 

  • Clearance for shipment of motor vehicles, etc.

The Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) also needs to submit a report to the PNP within seven (7) days upon boarding all motor vehicles being boarded the “RORO”, ferry, boat, vessel or ship for interisland and international shipment. That said, the PPA shall not allow the loading of motor vehicles in all interisland and international shipping vessels without a motor vehicle clearance from the PNP, except cargo trucks and other trucks carrying goods, Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB)-accredited public utility vehicles (PUV), and other motor vehicles carrying foodstuff and dry goods.

RA 10883 vs RA 6539: Additional Provisions of RA 10883 

As mentioned earlier, both RA 6539 and RA 10883 are both known as the Anti-Carnapping Act of the Philippines. Both are meant to reduce carnapping incidents effectively, though RA 10883 can be considered an upgrade to a newer, stricter, and more comprehensive version of RA 6539. 

Having said that, RA 10883 includes new provisions for additional and stiffer penalties to the Anti-Carnapping Act, which includes:

  • The length of imprisonment or jail time imposed on a person found guilty of carnapping is increased from 14 years and eight months to 17 years and four months under the old law to 20 to 30 years.

  • When the carnapping includes violence, intimidation or use of force, the imprisonment sentence is 30 years and one day to 40 years. 

  • If the owner, driver, occupant of the carnapped motor vehicle was killed or raped, the person found guilty would be sentenced to life imprisonment. 

  • Any person involved in the concealment of the crime of carnapping would be imprisoned from six to 12 years and fined with the acquisition cost of the motor vehicle, engine or any other part involved in the violation.

  • Carnapping is non-bailable if the evidence of guilt is strong. 

  • Public officials involved in carnapping may also be dismissed from service and ordered perpetually  disqualified from public office. 

  • Those requesting for the original registration of a vehicle need to apply for a clearance from the Philippine National Police (PNP) and the Land Transportation Office (LTO).

RA 10883 Penalties 

As mentioned, the New Anti-Carnapping Act implements harsher rules and penalties which includes the following:

Carnapping Penalties

Any person who is found guilty of carnapping shall be punished as follows regardless of the value of the motor vehicle taken:

  • Individual carnapping penalties
    • By imprisonment for not less than twenty (20) years and one (1) day but not more than thirty (30) years, when the carnapping is committed without violence against or intimidation of persons, or force upon things; 

    • By imprisonment for not less than (30) years and one (1) day but not more than forty (40) years, when the carnapping is committed by means of violence against or intimidation of persons, or force upon things; 

    • With a penalty of life imprisonment when the owner, driver, or occupant of teh carnapped motor vehicle is killed or raped in the commission of the carnapping.

  • Any person charged with carnapping or when the crime of carnapping is committed by criminal groups, gangs or syndicates or by means of violence or intimidation of any person or persons or forced upon things; or when the owner, driver, passenger or occupant of the carnapped vehicle is killed or raped in the course of carnapping shall be denied bail when the evidence of guilt is strong.  

Concealment of Carnapping 

Any person who conceals carnapping shall be punished as follows:

  • With imprisonment of six (6) years up to twelve (12) years and a fine equal to the amount of the acquisition cost of the motor vehicle, motor vehicle engine, or any other part involved in the violation if the person in violation is a juridical person, as well as on the president, secretary, and/or members of the board of directors or any of its officers and employees who may have directly participated in the violation. 

  • Any public official or employee who directly commits unlawful acts in this Act or is guilty of gross negligence of duty or connives with or permits the commission of any of the said unlawful acts shall be penalized as with the following:
    • imprisonment of six (6) years up to twelve (12) years 

    • dismissal from the service, 

    • having his/her benefits forfeited, and 

    • permanent disqualification from holding public office

Video: What is RA 10883?

Learn more about the provisions of the New Anti-Carnapping Act of 2016 by watching this explainer video from Mister Criminology:

Important Reminders

For your reference, here are some important reminders regarding the RA 10883 or the New Anti-Carnapping Act of 2016:

  • The “New Anti-Carnapping Act of 2016” has amended sections of the previous law regarding penalties, definitions, procedures and responsibilities of certain departments.

  • Without the anti-carnapping law, the unlawful taking of a motor vehicle is considered either theft or robbery.

  • The New Anti-Carnapping Act isn’t only about the theft of motor vehicles. It also includes other crimes related to it like concealment of carnapping, identity transfer, unlawful transfer, sale of parts, etc.

  • The severity of the offense is not measured by whether the car is being used in smaller streets or in the highway, but by the very nature of the vehicle itself and the use to which it is devoted. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

For more information, listed here are the common questions and answers regarding the New Anti-Carnapping Act of the Philippines:

1. What are the three (3) elements of carnapping?

The elements of carnapping therefore are: (a) the taking of a motor vehicle which belongs to another; (b) the taking is without the consent of the owner or by means of violence against or intimidation of persons or by using force upon things; and, (c) the taking is done with intent to gain.

2. What is the difference between carnapping and vehicle theft?

Nothing. Essentially, carnapping is the robbery or theft of a motorized vehicle and it becomes qualified or aggravated when, in the course of the commission or on the occasion of the carnapping, the owner, driver, or occupant is killed or raped.

3. What is the body of the vehicle?

The motor vehicle body includes the roof, hood, fenders, trunk lid, doors, and windows.

4. What is body building in carnapping?

“Body-building” is a job undertaken on a motor vehicle in order to replace its entire body with a new body.

5. Is carnapping a civil case?

Under Philippine law, carnapping is a criminal offense that carries severe penalties. Offenders can face imprisonment and fines, depending on the circumstances and gravity of the offense.

Summary

The New Anti-Carnapping Act of 2016 is a newer, stricter, and more comprehensive version of the Anti-Carnapping Act of the Philippines. It was signed into law in 2016, as the old one didn’t seem to be working quite as well as the government hoped. In fact, the incidence of carnapping seem to have gone up, prompting the government to take action, hence the enactment of RA 10883 or the New Anti-Carnapping Act of 2016. 

How Many Hours May a Temporary Operator’s Permit (TOP) be Used as a Temporary Driver’s License?

The Temporary Operator’s Permit, otherwise known as TOP, is an important document issued to the driver or operator who was apprehended for traffic violation at the exact time and location of the apprehension. It is being issued to serve as a temporary driver’s license for a maximum of seventy-two (72) hours or three (3) days so the apprehended driver or operator will have time to take care of any necessary license-related matters that will help them secure and use their license once again.

The issuance of the Temporary Operator’s Permit (TOP) is mandated by the LTO Memorandum Circular No. 515-2004 dated 25 May 2004. According to the MC, the TOP, Impounding Receipt of Motor Vehicle (IRMV), and the LTO accountable Forms No. 21-A and 43 are all issued to apprehended drivers or operators with traffic violations at the  exact time and location of the apprehension in order to keep an immediate record of the offense committed.

How Many Hours May a Temporary Operator's Permit (TOP) be Used as a Temporary Driver's License

Can TOP be temporarily used as a driver’s license of the apprehended operator/driver?

The LTO Memorandum Circular No. 515-2004 dated 25 May 2004 also notes a few guidelines about how the TOP is issued and used, both by the enforcer and the drivers and operators. For the drivers and operators, the TOP is issued to be used as a temporary driver’s license. However, since it is issued due to a violation, keep in mind that the TOP has limited validity. It is only valid for a short period of time, specifically seventy-two (72) hours or three (3) days so those who have been issued a TOP must make sure to take care of all necessary license-related matters within the said time frame.

The TOP is basically the ticket issued to drivers apprehended by the LTO for violating traffic rules as stipulated by the provisions of the Joint Administrative Order (JAO) No. 2014-01.  The TOP, as mentioned above, serves as a driver’s temporary license before the driver collects their license from the LTO. 

How long is the TOP valid?

The TOP has a limited validity period. It is only valid and effective for use for seventy-two (72) hours or three (3) days. Beyond that, it can no longer be used legally. However, it does not mean that the license will be suspended or revoked just yet. Apprehended drivers are given a maximum of 15 days from the date of apprehension to pay the corresponding penalty.

Failure to do so within the given period will cause the automatic suspension of his driver’s license for a period of 30 days from the date of apprehension, in addition to the prescribed fines and penalties.

Is there an electronic TOP (e-TOP)?

Yes. Earlier this year, the LTO hinted at the possibility of launching a shift to electronic TOPs. The initiative is a part of the agency’s efforts to move towards digitalization, with the goal of simplifying the process and improving its enforcement, while curbing corruption at the same time. With an e-TOP, the traffic violations are automatically entered into an online database, negating the need for manual TOPs. However, the agency also did say that they will review process for Temporary Operator’s Permit (TOP) issuance and align it with the existing provisions of both the LTO Memorandum Circular No. 515-2004 and the Joint Administrative Order (JAO) No. 2014-01.

Summary

The Temporary Operator’s Permit, otherwise known as TOP, is an important document. It is usually issued to apprehended drivers or operators to serve as their traffic ticket and as their temporary driver’s license so they can move around while they take care of any necessary license-related matters that will help them secure and use their license and legally drive on the open roads once again.

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