Public Utility Bus (PUB) in the Philippines

Public Utility Buses (PUBs) in the Philippines are more than mere modes of transportation; they are the lifelines of the local communities, connecting urban centers and rural areas alike. PUBs are also credited for their important role in catering to the diverse transportation needs of the millions of commuting Filipinos. They serve as the primary means of commuting for the masses, bridging the gaps in accessibility, and enabling individuals to travel conveniently within and between cities and provinces.

The roles of PUBs extend beyond being a convenient means for moving people and things around. Buses also contribute to reducing traffic congestion by accommodating a large number of passengers in a single vehicle, thereby promoting a more efficient use of road space. Not only that, they also play a pivotal role in lowering carbon emissions compared to private vehicles, contributing to environmental sustainability. In this article, you can learn more about public utility buses, along with their functions, purpose, benefits, evolution, challenges, fares, features, and role in shaping the nation’s transit landscape.

What is a PUB: Public Utility Bus?

PUB is a public utility bus. This refers to the type of mass transit vehicle that operates on scheduled routes and provides transportation services to the general public for a fee, earning them the moniker of being the rolling arteries of urban transit. PUBs also contribute significantly to mass transit, providing a shared mode of transportation that helps reduce traffic congestion, particularly in urban areas.

Some of the key characteristics of Public Utility Buses (PUBs) include:

Routes: Arterial roads, highways, expressways, and collector roads.
Services: Regular, Airconditioned, Express, P2P, Shuttle, Loop, Premium, Limited Stop.
Fare Collection: Distance or zonal as LTFRB authorizes.
Body Make: Coach with specified features.
Features: GNSS, Wi-Fi, CCTV, AFCS, compliance standards, lay-over/garage requirements.
Year Model: Chassis and engine must be current.

From regular to air-conditioned, express to point-to-point (P2P), shuttle, loop, premium, and limited stop services, all types of Public Utility Buses (PUBs) follow predetermined routes, picking up and dropping off all types of passengers at designated stops but only on certain road types. Whether navigating the bustling streets of Metro Manila or traversing the scenic routes of provincial areas, the PUBs are regulated by the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) and the Department of Transportation (DOTr), along with their routes, fares, safety standards, and other operational guidelines in order to ensure efficient coverage and fair service to people from different socio-economic backgrounds while facilitating the movement of people across the archipelago.

Functions of PUBs

Public utility buses (PUBs) serve a fundamental role in catering to the diverse transportation needs of Filipinos. As one of the primary means of commuting for millions of Filipinos, PUBs bridge the gaps in accessibility, enabling individuals to travel conveniently within and between cities and provinces.

Benefits of PUBs

The benefits of buses extend beyond their role in personal transportation. They contribute to reducing traffic congestion by accommodating a large number of passengers in a single vehicle, thereby promoting a more efficient use of road space. Buses also play a pivotal role in lowering carbon emissions compared to private vehicles, contributing to environmental sustainability.

Riding buses in the Philippines offers several advantages, making it a preferred mode of transportation for many:

Cost-Effective

Buses are generally more affordable than private transportation options, making them a cost-effective choice for daily commuting or long-distance travel.

Extensive Network

Buses cover a vast network of routes, connecting urban centers to rural areas. This extensive reach ensures accessibility for a wide range of passengers, even in remote locations.

Traffic Efficiency

PUBs can navigate through traffic more efficiently than private vehicles, especially during peak hours. Dedicated bus lanes and routes as well as express lanes and expressways all contribute to a smoother flow, reducing travel time for passengers.

Environmentally Friendly

Buses are a more sustainable option compared to individual cars. Carrying multiple passengers in a single vehicle helps reduce the overall carbon footprint and contributes to environmental conservation better compared to individual car travel,

Community Connection

Buses serve as a crucial link between communities, fostering social connectivity. They enable people to interact, share experiences, and contribute to a sense of shared identity among passengers.

Affordable Long-Distance Travel

For inter-city or inter-provincial travel, buses provide an economical option. Deluxe buses with modern amenities cater to those seeking comfort during longer journeys.

Inclusive Accessibility

Buses are designed to accommodate a diverse range of passengers, including those with disabilities. Efforts have been made to make public buses more accessible, promoting inclusivity in transportation.

Cashless Transactions

Some bus companies operating in the country have adopted cashless payment systems, adding convenience and efficiency to the boarding process. Like the BGC Bus as well as the EDSA Carousel which only uses smart cards, these PUBs also align with global trends toward digital transactions.

Reduced Traffic Congestion

Public Utility Buses (PUBs) play a crucial role in mitigating traffic congestion by accommodating a large number of passengers in a single vehicle. This shared mobility approach helps reduce the overall number of individual vehicles on the road, easing traffic flow.

Affordable Fares and Subsidies

The tiered fare system and government subsidies make bus travel an affordable option for various economic classes. This ensures that transportation remains accessible to a broad spectrum of the population.

Safety Measures and Regulations

Public utility buses are subject to safety regulations and standards, including regular inspections and adherence to traffic rules. This commitment to safety enhances the overall well-being of passengers and contributes to a secure public transportation environment.

Promotion of Shared Mobility

Buses promote shared mobility, encouraging people to travel together rather than in individual vehicles. This not only reduces traffic but also fosters a sense of community and shared responsibility for sustainable transportation practices.

While challenges exist, such as traffic congestion and the need for infrastructure improvements, the benefits of riding buses make them a practical and preferred choice for many commuters and travelers.

Evolution of PUBs

The evolution of buses in the Philippines is a journey marked by technological advancements and innovations. From its humble beginnings in the 1960s, to the modern air-conditioned buses equipped with comfortable amenities, the Philippine buses have undergone significant transformations to meet the changing needs of passengers.

The government, however, continues to commit substantial resources to modernize the nation’s bus systems, incorporating modern air-conditioned buses and introducing mobile payment solutions. This concerted effort has elevated the public utility buses into the preferred mode of public transportation for a considerable number of Filipinos.

Types of Public Utility Buses (PUBs) in the Philippines

The Philippines boasts a diverse array of bus types that cater to various transportation needs. Here are some prominent bus types commonly seen on the roads:

Air-Conditioned Buses

These buses provide a more comfortable and climate-controlled environment, making them popular for long-distance journeys between cities or provinces. They also sometimes offer more comfortable options, with amenities such as mounted televisions (TVs), reclining seats, more legroom, onboard restrooms, free Wi-Fi, La-Z-Boy seats, charging ports, and individual tablets with games, music, and movies as entertainment options.

Ordinary or Non-Air-Conditioned Buses

Commonly used for shorter distances, these buses are characterized by open windows and natural ventilation. They are a cost-effective option for daily commuting within urban areas or for travel to nearby towns as the fare prices are lower than other bus types, though they do not offer much in terms of comfort.

Express or Point-to-Point (P2P) Buses

P2P buses, also known as express buses, offer a direct, non-stop route between specific points, often connecting major urban centers. They are known for their efficiency and time-saving features.

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) or EDSA Carousel

Found in major urban centers like Metro Manila, BRT systems use dedicated bus lanes to provide faster and more efficient transportation. They often have well-designed stations and employ advanced ticketing systems.

City Buses

City buses operate within urban centers, serving commuters for daily transit needs. They are designed for efficiency and often have multiple stops along fixed routes.

Provincial Buses

These buses connect different provinces, providing long-distance transportation services. They are equipped for extended travel and may vary in terms of amenities and comfort levels.

Double-Decker Buses

Mostly seen in tourist destinations, though they are now more commonly seen as part of the fleet of the premium point-to-point (P2P) bus lines, double-decker buses used to be more common in the old days, and were known in history as the Manila Motor Coach or Matorco buses plying Roxas Boulevard. The double deckers are an impeccable choice as they offer an elevated view and increased passenger capacity. They also provide a unique experience for travelers exploring scenic routes. Unfortunately, the double deckers have also evolved and the Matorco buses have long disappeared from the streets of Metro Manila.

Sleeper Buses

Designed for long-haul journeys, sleeper buses offer bunk-style sleeping arrangements for passengers. This type of bus is suitable for overnight travel, providing a restful experience. If you are wondering where to find one of these extra comfortable sleeper buses, then head on out to the Victory Liner website or terminal and check out their “Royal Class” buses with routes going from Cubao to Baguio and Kamias, Quezon City to Cagayan and vice versa or check out the Bicol Isarog sleeper bus.

Shuttle Buses

Commonly used for transporting employees or students between specific locations, shuttle buses follow fixed routes and schedules.

School Buses

Typically used to transport students to and from schools, these buses often have distinctive yellow color and safety features to accommodate children.

Tourist Buses

Equipped with features like large windows and tour guides, these buses cater specifically to tourists exploring popular destinations and attractions. They also offer tours—a convenient and informative way to experience the local culture and attractions.

Airport Shuttle Buses

These buses operate between airports and key locations within cities, offering a convenient and cost-effective means of transportation for air travelers.

Electric Buses

As part of efforts to promote sustainability, some areas in the Philippines are adopting electric buses. These electric buses contribute to reducing environmental impact and promoting eco-friendly transportation solutions in and around Metro Manila and some other major cities like Cebu and Davao.

Understanding the various types of public utility buses (PUBs) helps highlight the diversity in the country’s transportation system, addressing the unique needs of different communities and travelers. It also allows passengers to prepare and choose the most suitable option based on their travel requirements and preferences, as well as the nature of their journey.

Fares and Features

PUBs are known for providing a cost-effective means of transportation at a minimum fare of P12.00, making them accessible to a broad range of commuters. Fares are often regulated to ensure affordability for the general public.

Public Utility Bus (PUB) fares vary based on factors such as distance, route, and the type of bus service. The introduction of cashless payment systems and fare integration initiatives aims to streamline the payment process for passengers. Modern buses are equipped with features such as Wi-Fi, air conditioning, and accessibility features, enhancing the overall commuting experience.

Example of Bus Companies in the Philippines

Some of the most well-known bus companies operating in the Philippines are as follows:

1. Philippine Rabbit Bus Lines

A bus company known for its extensive route network connecting Luzon regions.

2. Victory Liner

A major player with services reaching Northern Luzon.

3. Genesis Transport Service

Renowned for its long-distance services to key provinces.

4. JAC Liner

Operating routes in Southern Luzon, including Batangas and Quezon.

5. Dionets Liner

Serving routes in the Bicol region.

6. Ceres Transport

A key player in Southern Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, connecting major cities.

7. Davao Metro Shuttle

Serving routes in Davao City and neighboring areas.

8. Bachelor Express

Catering to routes in Visayas and Mindanao.

9. Rural Transit Mindanao

A significant player in providing transportation services in Mindanao.

10. Southwest Tours (SWT)

Operating in Palawan, connecting key tourist destinations.

Reforms Regarding the PUBs

The key transformation in the Philippine bus transport sector occurred through the formalized liberalization efforts outlined in the Department of Transportation (DOTr), formerly known as Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC), via the Department Order No. 92-587. This order established the regulatory framework for transport services, addressing critical aspects such as:

Route-setting mechanism

The DOTr and LTFRB utilize the “Route Measured Capacity” model to determine routes based on estimated supply and demand for public transport.

Fare adjustment procedures

Public transport fares, excluding air-conditioned buses, are regulated. Under DO No. 92-587, the LTFRB is mandated to review and implement any fare adjustments.

Additional noteworthy reforms include:

Moratorium on the issuance of certificates of public conveyance (CPC), including a halt in 2000 for provincial buses and a nationwide moratorium through MC 2003-028, which also introduced the “Bus Rationalization Program” in 2003. This program aimed to reduce bus congestion on EDSA and included a moratorium on issuing certificates to operate for Metro Manila buses.

Reforms influencing the supply and cost of alternative transportation modes. This involves the implementation of projects providing alternatives to bus transport, such as the development of rail systems like LRT 2 and MRT 3, along with the promotion of AUVs (Asian Utility Vehicles).

Challenges

Despite their crucial role, buses face challenges such as traffic congestion, inadequate infrastructure, and the need for sustainability. Overcrowded routes and delays are issues that impact the overall efficiency of the bus system. The aggressive drivers competing for passengers and all the illegal stops they make when picking up passengers also often cause heavy traffic and accidents. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach, including infrastructure development and the integration of technology, which the government hopes to address via the new Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP)—an LTFRB program designed to consolidate the franchise and transport cooperatives into one and upgrade the public utility vehicles (PUVs) plying different routes all over the country.

Summary

As one of the vital contributors to the nation’s mobility and connectivity, buses are the rolling arteries and the lifelines of local inter- and intra-region transport. The PUBs are considered as the primary means of commuting, connecting urban and rural areas, and bridging the gaps in accessibility, which enables individuals to travel conveniently within and between cities and provinces. As the industry navigates challenges and embraces innovation, the story of public utility buses continues to unfold, reflecting the ever-evolving tapestry of transportation in the archipelago.

RA 8794: Anti-Overloading Act and 2020 Motor Vehicle User Charge (MVUC) Law

In 2000, the Republic Act 8794, otherwise known as the Motor Vehicle User Charge (MVUC) or the Anti-Overloading Act of the Philippines was originally enacted to provide for the annual motor vehicle registration fees by repealing the registration fee and the Private Motor Vehicle Tax.

Just recently, however, the House of Representatives House Ways and Means Committee, proposed an increase in the Land Transportation Office Motor Vehicle User’s Charge (LTO MVUC) to be paid to the LTO. Along with the request for increase in MVUC charges came the change in the name from the original Motor Vehicle User’s Charge (MVUC) to Motor Vehicle Road User’s Tax (MVRUT). Before discussing the proposed changes, however, let’s look into what the original RA 8794 or Anti-Overloading Act, also known as the MVUC Law does say about these fees.

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ra 8794 anti overloading law philippines

What is Republic Act 8794

The Republic Act 8794, originally entitled “An Act Imposing a Motor Vehicle User’s Charge on Owners of all Types of Motor Vehicle and for Other Purposes”, is also known as the Anti-Overloading Act, the Motor Vehicle User’s Charge (MVUC) or the road users’ tax. Recently, a house bill proposed changing the name to Motor Vehicle Road User’s Tax (MVRUT), too. After all, RA 8794 is a law designed to collect mandatory fees from vehicle owners in the country, regardless if the vehicle is for private use or for hire, to finance the maintenance of national and provincial roads. Its other objectives include ridding the roads of overloaded trucks and addressing the air pollution caused by vehicles because they present direct danger against other vehicles plying the roads.

The law states that a motor vehicle user charge (MVUC) is to be collected upon vehicle registration primarily for the purpose of exclusively funding of the road maintenance and the improvement of the road drainage, the installation of adequate and efficient traffic lights and road safety devices, and the air pollution control programs. As such, it is directly proportional to the vehicle type, gross vehicle weight (GVW), and year model, among others. The law also offers provisions for classification and reclassification of motor vehicles, penalties for overloading, as well as the disposition of the collected funds.

RA 8794: LTO MVUC Rates and Fees

Having said that, here’s the list of MVUC fees you’d probably encounter when you go to LTO for your vehicle registration transactions as detailed on Section 3 of RA 8794. It was originally detailed in Section 8 of Republic Act No. 4136, amended by Batas Pambansa Bilang 74, and the Private Motor Vehicle Tax under Executive Order No. 43, series of 1986, and is supposed to be imposed on all vehicles as follows:

MVUC Rates

According to the provisions of the RA 8794, the rates for the MVUC for the different vehicle types and weights to be paid are as follows:

For private passenger cars

Fist year: The private motor vehicle tax under Executive Order No. 43, series of 1986, plus twenty-five percent (25%) of the base rate

Second year: The private motor vehicle tax plus fifty percent (50%) of the base rate

Third year: The private motor vehicle tax plus seventy five percent (75%) of the base rate,

Fourth year and beyond: The private motor vehicle tax plus one hundred percent (100%) of the base rate

For sports utility vehicles

The fee would fifteen percent (15%) higher than the MVUC set for private utility vehicles

For motorcycles for hire with sidecars

No more than three-hundred pesos (₱300.00)

Do note that while the rates contained in section 3 may be adjusted, it shall not exceed the annual rates of the Consumer Price Index (CPI).

For the specific vehicle types and weights, here are the schedule of fees as provided for by RA 8794:

MVUC Fee for Private and Government Car Registration or Renewal

Car Type And Weight: Motorcycle without sidecar

MVUC: ₱240.00

Car Type And Weight: Motorcycle with sidecar

MVUC: ₱300.00

Car Type And Weight: Light passenger cars (Up to 1,600 kg)

MVUC: ₱1,600.00

Car Type And Weight: Medium passenger cars (1,601 kg to 2,300 kg)

MVUC: ₱3,600.00

Car Type And Weight: Heavy passenger cars (2,301 kg and above)

MVUC: ₱8,000.00

Car Type And Weight: Utility vehicles (Up to 2,700 kg)

MVUC: ₱2,000.00

Car Type And Weight: Utility vehicles (2,701 kg to 4,500 kg)

MVUC: ₱2,000.00 + 0.40 x gross vehicle weight (GVW) in excess of 2,700 kg

Car Type And Weight: SUVs (1991 models and above) (Up to 2,700 kg)

MVUC: ₱2,300.00

Car Type And Weight: SUVs (1991 models and above) (2,701 kg to 4,500 kg)

MVUC: ₱2,300.00 + 0.46 x GVW in excess of 2,700 kg

Car Type And Weight: Trucks and truck buses (4,501 kg and above)

MVUC: ₱1,800.00 + 0.24 x GVW in excess of 2,700 kg

Car Type And Weight: Trailers (4,501 kg and above)

MVUC: ₱0.24 x GVW

MVUC Fee for Aged Private Vehicles

Car Type And Weight: Light cars (models from 1995 to 2000) (Maximum of 1,600 kg)

MVUC: ₱2,000.00

Car Type And Weight: Light cars (models from 1994 and older) (Maximum of 1,600 kg)

MVUC: ₱1,400.00

Car Type And Weight: Medium cars (models from 1997 to 2000) (1,601 kg to 2,300 kg)

MVUC: ₱6,000.00

Car Type And Weight: Medium cars (models from 1995 and 1996) (1,601 kg to 2,300 kg)

MVUC: ₱4,800.00

Car Type And Weight: Medium cars (models from 1994 and older) (1,601 kg to 2,300 kg)

MVUC: ₱2,400.00

Car Type And Weight: Heavy cars (model from 1994 and older) (2,301 kg and above)

MVUC: ₱12,000.00

Car Type And Weight: Heavy cars (models from 1994 and older) (2,301 kg and above)

MVUC: ₱5,600.00

MVUC Fee for For Hire Vehicles

Car Type And Weight: Motorcycles/Tricycles

MVUC: ₱300.00

Car Type And Weight: Light passenger cars (Up to 1,600 kg)

MVUC: ₱900.00

Car Type And Weight: Medium passenger cars (1,601 kg to 2,300 kg)

MVUC: ₱1,800.00

Car Type And Weight: Heavy passenger cars (2,301 kg and above)

MVUC: ₱5,000.00

Car Type And Weight: Utility vehicles (Up to 4,500 kg)

MVUC: ₱0.30 x GVW

Car Type And Weight: Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs) (Up to 2,700 kg)

MVUC: ₱2,300.00

Car Type And Weight: Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs) (2,701 kg to 4,500 kg)

MVUC: ₱2,300.00 + 0.46 x GVW in excess of 2,700 kg

Car Type And Weight: Truck buses (4,501 kg and above)

MVUC: ₱0.30 x GVW

Car Type And Weight: Trailers (4,501 kg and above)

MVUC: ₱0.24 x GVW

Penalties and Charges Related to MVUC

For vehicles beyond the registration week

Fee: ₱200.00

Beyond the registration month but not over 12 months

Fee: 50% of the MVUC rate

Over 12 months beyond the registration week but without apprehension for violation of the LTO laws, rules, and regulation during the period of delinquency

Fee: 50% of the MVUC rate + renewal

More than 12 months beyond the registration week but with apprehension for violation of LTO laws, rules, and regulations during the period of delinquency (Circular No. 83C-DIR-20)

Fee: 50% of the MVUC rate + renewal for every year of delinquency

Overloading, provided that no axle exceeds 13,500 kg

Fee: 25% of the MVUC at time of infringement for trucks and trailers with a load exceeding more than 5% of registered GVW

RA 8794: Disposition of Collected Funds

All the funds collected under this law shall be deposited in four (4) special trust accounts in the National Treasury, namely: (1) Special Road Support Fund; (2) Special Local Road Fund; (3) Special Road Safety Fund; and (4) Special Vehicle Pollution Control Fund.

The distribution of collections will be as follows:

Eighty percent (80%) shall be allotted to and placed in the Special Road Support Fund; Seventy percent (70%) of which is to be used for the maintenance of, and the improvement of drainage of national primary roads, while the remaining thirty- percent (30%) will be allocated and used for the maintenance and improvement of drainage of national secondary roads throughout the country.

Five percent (5%) shall be allotted to and placed in the Special Local Road Fund which will be apportioned to provincial and city governments according to vehicle population and size of the road network per jurisdictions, exclusively for the maintenance of local roads, traffic management and road safety devices.

Seven and one half percent (7.5%) shall be allotted to and placed in the Special Vehicle Pollution Control Fund.

Note: The Special Road Support Fund, the Special Local Road Fund shall be under the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), whereas the Special Vehicle Pollution Control Fund shall be controlled by the Department of Transportation (DOTr). A Road Board manages the utilization of the special funds and it is made up of seven (7) members, with the secretary of the DPWH as exofficio head, and the secretaries of the Department of Finance, Budget and management, and the Transportation department as ex officio members. The remaining three (3) members shall come from transport and motorist organizations, which have been in existence and active for at least last five (5) years, They shall be appointed by the president for a term of two (2) years each and are selected upon the recommendation of the secretaries of the DPWH and the DOTr.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Here are some of the most common questions and answers about RA 8794 and the LTO MVUC:

1. What is MVUC?

MVUC stands for LTO’s Motor Vehicle User’s Charge. It refers to the various fees and charges collected by LTO during motor vehicle registration to help finance the maintenance of national and provincial roads and address the air pollution caused by vehicles.

2. How much do I need to pay as a fine for late registration?

LTO imposes a ₱200.00 weekly fine for late registrations but if the late payment is made after a month, the fine becomes 50% of the MVUC.

3. What is LTO’s context for aged private vehicles?

LTO’s context when it comes to aged private vehicles, include:

Current – 2000

One year old – 1999

Two years old – 1998

Three years old – 1997

Four years old – 1996

Five years old – 1995

Over five years old – 1994 and older

4. What does the law say about overloading?

According to RA 8794, overloading entails a penalty equivalent to twenty five percent (25%) of the MVUC and will be imposed on trucks and trailers for loading beyond their prescribed gross vehicle weight: provided that no axle load shall exceed thirteen thousand five hundred kilograms (13,5000 kgs).

5. What is the maximum allowable gross vehicle weight (MAGVW) for trucks?

According to the law, the gross vehicle weight is 41,500 kilograms for 12-2 and 42,000 kg for 12-3. However, the Confederation of Truckers Association of the Philippines, Inc. (CTAP) has been calling for revision and increase of the MAGVW for code 12-2 from 41,500 kilograms to 53,500 kg, and for code 12-3 from 42,000 kg to 54,000 kg as “there would not be any transport equipment anywhere in the world that will satisfy the gross vehicle weight of 41,500 kilograms for 12-2 and 42,000 kg for 12-3.”

Summary

The Republic Act 8794, or the Anti-Overloading Act is just one of the many rules imposed by the Land Transportation Office (LTO) tha entails billing car owners. The fees may be collected for good purposes as it is a means to generate funds for the agency to finance the government-managed infrastructures like the national and provincial roads and advocacies like air pollution control.

The RA 8794 is also known as the LTO MVUC or the road users’ tax, due to the purpose of its collection. It is a mandatory fee paid upon registration with the amount that varies depending on various factors like motor vehicle type, gross vehicle weight (GVW), and year model, among others. There are also other fees associated with the MVUC, and it pays for car owners, drivers, and operators to know about them, so they can prepare the funds they need in advance. After all car ownership entails a lot of expenses and it is imperative for the owners to be prepared for them even before they think about buying one.

How to Get a Certificate of Nationwide Alarm (CNA) from PNP-HPG

Under the existing Philippine laws, carnapping, or the illegal act of taking, stealing, or unauthorized use of a motor vehicle without the owner’s consent and with the intention to gain possession or control of the vehicle permanently, is a criminal offense that carries severe penalties. Carnappers can face imprisonment and fines, depending on the circumstances and gravity of the offense. If you are a victim, however, you need to learn about the legal process as well as the legal consequences to seek justice and deter other potential perpetrators from stealing other people’s car.

The act of carnapping or motor vehicle theft is covered by the Anti-Carnapping Act of 2016 (Republic Act No. 10883). It established the legal framework for the protection of motor vehicle owners as well as the procedures that they need to go through in order to increase the odds of recovering your car.

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What is a PNP-HPG Certificate of Nationwide Alarm

The Certificate of Nationwide Alarm (CNA) is a document issued to the complainant or applicant of nationwide alarm for stolen or carnapped vehicles. The certification is issued by the Philippine National Police Highway Patrol Group (PNP-HPG) to the complainant upon the submission of or compliance with the documentary requirements for filing of nationwide alarm. Before the certificate is issued, however, it requires the approval of the HPG Motor Vehicle Clearing Committee (MVCC) as well as the Director of the HPG.

Not all cases of lost or stolen motor vehicles end up with a Certificate of National Alarm. Depending on the case, the guideline for what happens in case the motor vehicle do not get issued a nationwide are as follows:

If the MVCC and the director of the PNP-HPG are convinced of the veracity of the complaint and all documentary requirements were satisfied: The complainant/applicant will then be allowed to accomplish the HPG Alarm and Complaint Sheets.

If there were doubts in the truthfulness of the complaint or if the documentary requirements were not met: The said MV will only be placed under radio voice alarm/watch list or hold-order until such the issue is resolved.

Lost or Stolen Vehicle Categorized under the 24-hour Validity Period for Radio Voice/Flash alarm

Complaints received from the local police Stations.

Complaint/s that originates from the PNP-HPG office which falls under the category of Rent Tangay, Rent-Sangla, Failed to Return, and Estafa

Not Included for 24-Hours Validity Period

Stolen While Parked Unattended (SWPU)

Forcibly Taken (FT)

If the circumstance of the complaint does not constitute a crime of carnapping: The MV will be merely recommended for inclusion in the watch list.

If the Alarm and Complaint Sheet is approved: The certificate of nationwide alarm will be issued with a control number and a copy will then be released to the complainant/applicant.

Who may Avail or Acquire a Certificate of Nationwide Alarm (CNA)

The following people are the only ones who are eligible to or may need to request for and acquire a Certificate of Nationwide Alarm (CNA):

Registered owner of motor vehicle that has been stolen or lost

Authorized representative of the registered owner of motor vehicle that has been stolen or lost

Requirements for PNP-HPG Nationwide Alarm

Listed below are the complete documentary requirements that one must prepare following the loss or theft of his motor vehicle, that is, if he wants to request putting up a nationwide alarm for the subject MV.

Initial Requirements

One (1) original copy and three (3) photocopies of filled up PNP-HPG Complaint Sheet

One (1) original copy and three (3) photocopies of Police Report and Incident Record Form

ONE (1) original copy of Validation Report from the concerned validating team; (Stolen While Parked Unattended (SWPU) & Forcibly Taken (FT))

Original OR/CR or sales invoice of the Subject MV.

If the MV is encumbered:

One (1) original copy and three (3) photocopies of the Certificate of Encumbrance and Statement of Account

One photocopy of the OR/CR authenticated by the financing company, if the MV is encumbered

If the MV is registered to the company:

One (1) original copy and three (3) photocopies of the Secretary Certificate and Board Resolution stating the authorized representative of the company

One (1) original copy and three (3) photocopies of the authenticated copies of MV records from LTO
- Sales invoice
- OR/CR
- PNP-HPG MV Clearance Certificate
- Photocopy of previous Deed of Sale of MV

Inspection Report authenticated by LTO and clearly showing the stencil of the engine and chassis numbers

One (1) original copy and three (3) photocopies of the Filed Carnapping Case with IS# indicating the name of the suspect/s

Four (4) photocopies of two (2) pcs of Ignition Keys of motor vehicle/motorcycles.

Four (4) photocopies of Insurance Policy – (CTPL or TPL)

Four (4) photocopies of Certification of Police Report

Four (4) photocopies of Certified true copy of Incident Report Form

Four (4) photocopies of Certified true copy of Police Blotter from the local PNP unit who has territorial jurisdiction of the area where the incident occurred

Four (4) photocopies of two (2) Valid identification cards with three (3) Specimen signatures of the rightful owner and the person who has control of the MV when it was seized

Four (4) photocopies of the latest two (2) pieces of 2”x3” picture of the rightful owner and the person who has control of the motor vehicle when it was seized

One (1) original copy and three (3) photocopies of the Motor Vehicle Deed of Sale if the possessor of the MV has not yet transferred in his name.

One (1) original copy and three (3) photocopies of the Special Power of Attorney (SPA) for individual applicants, if the registered owner is not present.

One (1) original copy and three (3) photocopies of the death Certificate and Marriage Certificate (For Surviving Spouse)

One (1) original copy and three (3) photocopies of Extrajudicial Settlement (For Surviving Heirs).

One (1) original copy and three (3) photocopies of the Prosecutor’s Office Resolution for FTR/Estafa cases elevated to Carnapping.

Requirements for Radio Voice/Flash Alarm

One (1) copy of duly filled out Complaint Sheet/Sinumpaang Salaysay

One (1) copy of valid ID of the Complainant/Victim

One (1) photocopy of OR/CR (if available)

One (1) copy of the Police Report if reported at Local Police Stations

Valid ID of the registered owner/driver possessor of the MV.

Procedures for Securing a Certificate of Nationwide Alarm (CNA)

For the complete procedures for securing a CNA, please see the steps below:

Step 1: Visit the nearest office of the PNP-HPG which is usually in close proximity to the nearest branch of the Land Transportation Office (LTO)

Step 2: Secure and accomplish the Complaint sheet/Sinumpaang Salaysay from the PNP-HPG Duty Investigator

Step 3: Complete the initial interview with the duty investigator (SOD, MVCS/RHPUs)

Step 4: Get the Complaint Sheet notarized following the direction given by the duty investigator

Step 5: After getting the Complaint Sheet notarized, submit it, along with the other photocopies of the other initial requirements to the duty investigator for review and evaluation of completeness.

Step 6: Submit the original copy of the documentary requirements for Nationwide Alarm for evaluation of authenticity and approval of the chief of Motor Vehicle Complaint Section (MVCS).

Step 7: Upon approval, wait for the incident report from the SOD-MVCS/RHPU to be approved by the director of the PNP-HPG and for the vehicle to be put on the watch list.

Step 8: Receive the approval notice and the alarm number and submit it to the Records Section for encoding of the VIMS (MVCD).

Step 9: Proceed to the Releasing Section of the MVCS.

Step 10: Wait for the Certificate of Nationwide Alarm to be released.

Processing Time

The processing of the request for Certificate of Nationwide Alarm will take approximately fourteen (14) days and two (2) hours to complete, after the complete documentary requirements have been submitted.

Important Reminders

For your reference, here are some important reminders to take note of:

The appearance of the rightful owner and the person who has control of the MV when it was reportedly seized is necessary for interview purposes, so the PNP-HPG can check the veracity of his complaint and get more information and specific details relative to the loss of the reported MV.

Only if the MVCS duty investigator is convinced of the veracity of the complaint and all documentary requirements will the complainant/applicant be allowed to accomplish the PNP-HPG Alarm and Complaint Sheets.

After the complainant has duly accomplished the Alarm and Complaint Sheets, it will be recommended to the section chief for review and approval.

If approved, the alarm will be issued with a control number and a copy will be released to the complainant/applicant.

Video: How to Request for Nationwide Alarm

Learn about the requirements and procedures for requesting to put your lost or stolen motor vehicle on the watch list and securing an alarm tag and a Certificate of Nationwide Alarm (CNA) by watching this video from Motoristang lespu:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

For more information, here are some common questions and answers regarding the processing of requests for Certificate of Nationwide Alarm:

1. How much does it cost to request for a Certificate of Nationwide Alarm?

It’s free, though you may have to spend some for the requirements like the notary fee and photocopy and certification of certified true copies of required documents.

2. What are LTO Alarm Tags?

Alarm tags on vehicles refer to the active LTO records of existing or pending traffic violations or apprehensions. Having an alarm tag on your vehicle means the vehicle may be previously involved in an accident or in the commission of a crime or it may be on the watch list of the Philippine National Police – Highway Patrol Group (PNP – HPG) for stolen or carnapped vehicles. It may also mean that the vehicle has an active complaint against it or an active case with either the Department of Health (DoH), the Land Transportation Franchising Regulatory Board (LTFRB), or the Internal Investigation Division (IID).

3. What does it mean to have an LTO alarm tag?

LTO alarm tags are placed on “hot” vehicles with bad records at the Land Transportation Office (LTO). This may also be placed when a driver or car owner reports the loss or theft of his motor vehicle, and upon the release of the Certificate of Nationwide Alarm (CNA).

4. How do I file for an LTO alarm?

Other than visiting the Motor Vehicle Complaint Section (MVCS) of the PNP-HPG, other ways of doing so include sending a report through the LTO’s official social media page, including the official social media pages of their regional offices or sending an email to the ltocdmpao@lto.gov.ph. You may also send in reports by calling the hotline 1-342-586 or use the CitiSend app to file for an alarm.

5. What is the vehicle identification number (VIN)?

The vehicle identification number, or VIN, is 17 unique character codes implanted on every manufactured vehicle in the world. It contains the histories and reports on a car that can be used for verification, identification, and many more.

6. What is Motor Vehicle PNP-HPG clearance?

A Motor Vehicle (MV) Clearance Certificate issued by the Philippine National Police – Highway Patrol Group (PNP-HPG) is an official document that certifies that the vehicle is not on the list of wanted or stolen vehicles as of the issue date.

Summary

Reporting the loss or theft of your motor vehicle is tantamount to requesting for it to be put on nationwide alarm. Doing so will also get you, the owner, a Certificate of Nationwide Alarm (CNA) to help you prove your claim on the vehicle. Though every vehicle is usually already built with GPS for easy tracking, it’s best to still secure a CNA and let the PNP-HPG do its job. After all, they are the experts when it comes to policing the roads and it will be so much easier for them to track and find lost or stolen vehicles. They also watch the roads so they’ll know if the vehicle has been taken out of town or not.