Using and handling motorcycle controls, both primary and secondary, refers to the essential skill of managing all the levers, pedals, switches, and gauges that operate the motorcycle. It involves understanding the location, function, and correct usage of each control to ensure safe and effective riding. Mastery of these controls allows the rider to respond quickly and appropriately to various riding conditions, enhancing overall safety and riding performance.

Also Read: Ultimate Guide for Motorcycle Riding Positions

As riders, we need to know these controls to maintain control of the motorcycle in different situations. Without this knowledge, riders risk losing control, leading to accidents or hazardous situations. It is best to learn these controls before riding in traffic so using and handling them becomes more instinctual than deliberate, allowing the rider to focus on the road and surroundings rather than fumbling with unfamiliar controls.

What are Motorcycle Controls?

Motorcycle controls encompass a range of components used to operate and manage the motorcycle. These controls are what riders need for steering, accelerating, braking, shifting gears, and signaling to other road users while out on the road. While the basic functions of these controls generally remain consistent, the exact placement and operation of these controls can vary between different motorcycle types and models.

Understanding these controls is critical for safe and efficient motorcycle operation. Inadequate familiarity with the controls can result in delayed responses, improper handling, and increased risk of losing control, especially in traffic or emergency situations. Having said that, we listed the primary and secondary motorcycle controls that you need to familiarize yourself with in order to avoid getting in trouble when you take your bike for a spin.

Primary Controls

Understanding the primary controls of a motorcycle means familiarizing yourself with the controls related to basic motorcycle operation, maneuvering, and other fundamental riding tasks. 

Clutch Lever

The clutch lever, found on the left handlebar, controls the clutch mechanism of the motorcycle, allowing the rider to engage or disengage the power from the engine to the transmission. Pulling the lever disengages the clutch, while releasing it engages it.

What is it for: It is primarily used for smooth gear shifting. It helps in starting, stopping, and slowing down without stalling the engine.

How to use it: Squeeze the clutch lever before changing gears and release it gradually while applying the throttle. This coordination ensures a smooth transition between gears.

Where to find it: Located on the left handlebar, typically within easy reach of your left hand.

Handlebars

Handlebars are the main interface for steering and controlling the direction of the motorcycle. They also house several other important controls.

What is it for: Handlebars are used to steer the motorcycle by turning them left or right.

How to use it: Hold the handlebars firmly with both hands and use gentle pressure to steer the motorcycle in the desired direction.

Where to find it: Positioned in front of the rider, connected to the front fork of the motorcycle.

Front Brake Lever

The front brake lever is located on the right handlebar, just in front of the throttle. It controls the braking mechanism of the front wheel.

What is it for: The front brake lever is used to slow down or stop the motorcycle by applying pressure to the front brake.

How to use it: Squeeze the lever gently to apply the front brake. Always use the front and rear brakes together for balanced stopping power.

Where to find it: On the right handlebar, directly in front of the throttle.

Rear Brake Pedal

The rear brake pedal is a foot-operated control located near the right footrest. It engages the rear wheel brake.

What is it for: The rear brake pedal is used to help slow down or stop the motorcycle, complementing the front brake.

How to use it: Press down on the pedal with your right foot to apply the rear brake. Use it in conjunction with the front brake for optimal braking performance.

Where to find it: Near the right footrest, operated by the rider’s right foot.

Gear Shift Lever

The gear shift lever is found near the left footrest and is used to change the motorcycle’s gears. It is typically operated by the rider’s left foot.

What is it for: The gear shift lever is used to select different gears to match the speed and power requirements of the motorcycle.

How to use it: Use the clutch lever to disengage the clutch, then lift or press the shift lever with your foot to change gears. Release the clutch smoothly while applying throttle to engage the new gear.

Where to find it: Located near the left footrest, operated by the rider’s left foot.

Throttle

The throttle is the right handgrip on the handlebars, which controls the engine’s power by regulating the flow of fuel.

What is it for: The throttle is used to increase or decrease the motorcycle’s speed.

How to use it: Twist the throttle toward you to increase speed and away from you to decrease speed. It should automatically return to the idle position when released.

Where to find it: The right handgrip on the handlebars.

Starter (Kick/Electric)

The starter mechanism can be either an electric button or a kick-start lever, used to start the motorcycle’s engine.

What is it for: The starter is used to ignite the engine and begin operation of the motorcycle.

How to use it: For electric starters, ensure the bike is in neutral, depress the clutch, and press the starter button. For kick-starters, ensure neutral gear, then use the kick lever to start the engine.

Where to find it: The electric starter button is usually located on the right handlebar. The kick-start lever is typically above the right footrest.

Secondary Controls

Secondary controls, on the other hand, provide additional functionality and information to enhance the riding experience and safety. While primary controls are necessary for basic motorcycle riding operation, secondary controls aid in monitoring the motorcycle’s performance and communicating with other road users.

Speedometer

The speedometer displays the motorcycle’s speed in kilometers per hour (km/h) or miles per hour (mph).

What is it for: Monitoring your riding speed.

How to use it: Regularly glance at the speedometer to ensure you are within legal and safe speed limits.

Where to find it: On the dashboard, in front of the rider.

Tachometer

The tachometer shows the engine’s revolutions per minute (RPM), indicating how hard the engine is working.

What is it for: Preventing engine strain by staying within safe RPM limits.

How to use it: Check the tachometer to avoid exceeding the redline RPM.

Where to find it: Next to the speedometer on the dashboard.

Indicator Lights

Indicator lights include high-beam, neutral, and turn signal indicators, which display essential information about the motorcycle’s status.

What is it for: Providing visual cues about the motorcycle’s condition and operations.

How to use it: Observe these lights for information such as when the high-beam is on, the bike is in neutral, or a turn signal is active.

Where to find it: On the dashboard or instrument cluster.

Ignition Switch

The ignition switch turns the motorcycle’s ignition system on and off. It often includes additional positions like lights and park.

What is it for: Starting and stopping the engine, as well as controlling the electrical systems.

How to use it: Turn the key to the “on” position to start the motorcycle and to “off” to stop it.

Where to find it: Typically located near the handlebars or on the side of the motorcycle.

Choke

The choke adjusts the air-fuel mixture for starting a cold engine. It is typically a lever or knob on the handlebars.

What is it for: Assisting in cold starts by enriching the fuel mixture.

How to use it: Use the choke when starting the motorcycle in cold conditions and turn it off once the engine warms up.

Where to find it: Usually on the handlebars or near the carburetor.

Engine Kill Switch

The engine kill switch stops the engine instantly in emergencies. It’s a crucial safety feature.

What is it for: Quickly stopping the engine in case of an emergency.

How to use it: Flip the switch to the “off” position to stop the engine immediately.

Where to find it: On the right handlebar.

Fuel Supply Valve

The fuel supply valve controls the flow of gasoline to the engine. It often includes a reserve setting for low fuel situations.

What is it for: Managing the fuel flow and accessing reserve fuel.

How to use it: Turn the valve on to allow fuel flow and switch to reserve if the main supply runs out.

Where to find it: Near the fuel tank, typically on the side of the motorcycle.

Turn Signals Switch

The turn signals switch activates the motorcycle’s turn indicators. They often need to be manually turned off.

What is it for: Signaling turns and lane changes to other road users.

How to use it: Flip the switch to signal a turn and manually turn it off after completing the maneuver.

Where to find it: On the left handlebar.

Horn Button

The horn button activates the motorcycle’s horn, a vital tool for alerting other drivers.

What is it for: Warning other road users of your presence or alerting them to hazards.

How to use it: Press the button with your thumb to sound the horn.

Where to find it: On the left handlebar.

Light Switches

Light switches control the motorcycle’s headlight and taillight. Most modern motorcycles have automatic lights that turn on with the ignition.

What is it for: Ensuring visibility in low-light conditions and signaling your presence.

How to use it: Use the switches to toggle between high and low beams.

Where to find it: On the left handlebar.

Stands

Stands, including kickstands and center stands, hold the motorcycle upright when parked.

What is it for: Stabilizing the motorcycle when it’s stationary.

How to use it: Use the stand to keep the motorcycle upright and ensure it is fully retracted before riding.

Where to find it: Attached to the frame, usually on the left side or underneath the motorcycle.

Video: Motorcycle Controls

Learn more about the motorcycle controls and what they do for you as a rider by watching this video from Howcast:

Summary

Understanding and mastering these controls is essential for safe and effective motorcycle operation. Familiarize yourself with your specific motorcycle’s layout and functions by consulting the owner’s manual and practicing regularly until using these controls becomes second nature. Then, and only then can you go for drives on your motorcycle without compromising your and the other road users’ safety. 

There are different motorcycle riding positions including the standard position, cruiser/relaxed position, and sports position. Each position is tailored to different types of motorcycles and riding styles, and each one affects the comfort, control, and visibility for the rider. Knowing the proper riding positions helps riders adapt their posture to enhance safety and performance on the road.

Understanding and practicing proper riding positions can help to prevent physical strain resulting in back pains and upper body stiffness and improve maneuverability. Ignoring the proper motorcycle riding positions can lead to discomfort, reduced control, and increased risk of accidents. While there are no direct penalties for not knowing the proper riding positions, the consequences on the rider can be severe, and may include injuries and accidents. Let’s take a look at the different ways to put your butt on the seat of the motorcycle and save both your back and your butt from unnecessary discomfort while riding your way around.

Understanding the Different Riding Positions

As mentioned above, there are different ways to position your body while riding a motorcycle. Each type corresponds to a specific type of motorcycle. While riding with the wrong position or posture is not punishable by law, you may end up being punished by your body for not observing the proper riding position when you drive around on your motorcycle. Plus, some positions are uncomfortable for certain types of motorcycles, so we’re sure you wouldn’t want to deliberately ride the wrong way. 

Here are the proper motorcycle riding postures for your reference:

The Standard Position

The standard riding position, otherwise known as the upright position, refers to the type of riding style where the rider is required to sit with their back upright. It’s the most neutral position, as the rider is neither leaning forward nor leaning backwards. 

If you are riding in the standard position, then you should keep your shoulders squared above your hips and pushed slightly back to relieve the discomfort in the neck and upper back area. Extend your arms but don’t hyperextend. Keep your elbows slightly bent and your knees resting against the tank with your legs at a 90-degree angle. If you are the type who spends long hours at a desk, then you should find this posture very familiar.

Pros

• Great for posture
• Suitable for comfort over long rides
• Easy to maneuver
• Good visibility

Cons

• Less aerodynamic
• Not as aggressive

The Cruiser/Relaxed Position

The cruiser position is the riding position that is designed for comfort, confidence, and relaxation. It’s the most classic riding posture, and is perfect for long rides on cruiser bikes, thanks to the comfortable position.

To ride in the cruiser position, you, the rider, must keep your back straight or slightly reclined. It also requires keeping the legs forward and having the feet supporting the whole body, with the help of special footrests. You will also need to keep your back straight, and your shoulders in line with your hips, but it won’t be as uncomfortable for your torso, thanks to the lower body support.

Pros

• Relaxed and comfortable
• Classic look
• Good for long rides

Cons

• Less control
• Hard to maneuver
• Not as aerodynamic

The Sports Position

Just as the name suggests, this riding position is the perfect posture if you’re riding for speed. Not only does it help keep the rider aerodynamic, but it also allows for reduced wind resistance, so if you are riding for sport, you can clock in some seriously fast rides. However, do note that this riding position puts a heavy strain on the back and the neck, and is known to leave lasting issues, so make sure to use it only on the tracks. 

To ride this way, you need to lean your upper body forward, making sure your shoulders are in front of your hips. Keep your stomach resting on the tank, allowing you to bend your elbows and relax your arms. Make sure your feet rest on the footpegs and are positioned behind your knees.

Pros

• Aerodynamic position
• Aggressive look
• Better control for high-speed riding
• Less wind resistance

Cons

• Known to cause back and neck pain
• Tiring for long rides
• Harder to maneuver
• Less visibility

Tips on Sitting and Riding on a Motorcycle

Choosing the best riding position for you is one thing, but putting them into practice is a different story. Other than the proper execution of the riding position, there are a few more things you need to observe if you intend to enjoy the ride while minimizing the physical damage associated with the riding position you use:

• Be Mindful of Your Back

Literally and figuratively, riding a motorcycle requires taking care of your back. You’ve only got one back, so make sure you don’t get it damaged beyond redemption by riding long hours without using the correct motorcycle riding position. Keep those back straight if you want to save those back muscles.

• Relax!

Riding a motorcycle is supposed to be fun, so make sure you don’t take the enjoyment out of it by being too rigid on the road. Don’t overstress, stretch, put your feet on the ground, or shake your arms whenever you hit a red light. Don’t strain your muscles to stiffness.

• Check Your Motorcycle Settings

Make sure that the seat, the footrests, or the handlebars are matched to fit your body size to stay comfortable. Sometimes, other than the riding position, motorcycle parts that are not proportionate to your size can cause discomfort and pain as well. 

• Always Practice Good Posture

You’ve probably heard this before, but slouching for too long really doesn’t bode well for your body, especially your back muscles. Whether it is riding your motorcycle or sitting down at work or in front of the TV, you need to be mindful of how you sit to avoid the nasty consequences on your body. 

Riding Different Types of Bikes the Right Way

Different types of bikes have their own design characteristics and will be more suited to certain riding positions. It’s good to change your riding position depending on the bike or motorcycle you choose to go play with if you own more than one. If you don’t, just make sure your riding posture is the best one so you don’t get in too much trouble later on.

Sportbike

For sportbikes, the sports position is ideal. This requires leaning slightly forward with your weight over the handlebars, enhancing stability and control. However, be aware that prolonged use of this position can cause back and neck discomfort.

Standard Motorcycle

As its name implies, a standard motorcycle is best ridden in the standard position. This means sitting with your back straight and your legs at a 90-degree angle, similar to sitting at a desk. Your elbows should be slightly bent to avoid rigidity.

Adventure Bike

When riding an adventure bike, use the standard or upright riding position. This posture provides a clear view of the road ahead and helps you navigate obstacles effectively.

Touring Motorcycles

The standard riding position is also recommended for touring motorcycles. Designed for long distances, this posture keeps you comfortable, ensures your back remains straight, and offers excellent visibility.

Cruiser

Cruisers are built for the relaxed or cruiser position. This position allows you to lean back slightly and keep your legs forward, providing a comfortable ride for long, relaxed journeys.

Ape Hangers

For bikes with ape hanger handlebars, adopt the standard riding position. These high handlebars require you to reach up, and the upright position helps you maintain control. While not ideal for high-speed riding due to its less aerodynamic nature, adjust as necessary to stay comfortable and safe.

Video: How to Sit Correctly on a Motorcycle

For your reference, you may want to check out this video from Moto Control regarding the proper motorcycle siting position that best suit your type of bike:

Summary

Adjust the positions of your eyes, shoulders, elbows, hands, hips, knees, and feet so that your riding posture is smooth and no stress is placed on your body. Each type of motorcycle has different characteristics. Knowing the differences helps you ride safely and comfortably, making driving for long periods easier and less tiring.