LTO Portal PH - Page 179

Penalty for No Early Warning Device (EWD) Violation

In adherence to the government’s commitment to road safety, numerous regulations have been implemented over the years. One such imperative directive is the Letter of Instruction No. 229, along with its subsequent amendments, emphasizing the requirement to carry, at all times, a set of Early Warning Devices (EWD) for motor vehicle emergencies. This article delves into the significance of EWD, its specifications, and the associated fines and penalties to ensure compliance.

More than its safety benefits, especially as a preventive tool for accidents in cases of emergencies, carrying around a set of EWDs is mandated by the law, so failure to do so is considered a violation by the Land Transportation Office (LTO). Like any other traffic and driving violations, there are associated fines and penalties for drivers who fail to drag around a set of Early Warning Devices (EWDs).

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What is an EWD?

An Early Warning Device (EWD) on motor vehicles is a safety device designed to alert other motorists about a potential hazard or obstruction on the road. It serves as a visual indicator, especially in situations where a vehicle is stalled, disabled, or parked for an extended period, ensuring that approaching drivers can take necessary precautions and avoid accidents.

Also read: LTO Muffler Law: Sound Level Standards for Motor Vehicles

EWDs is a safety tool mandated by regulations to signal potential hazards on the road. Its triangular, highly visible design and reflective features contribute to the overall goal of preventing accidents and ensuring the safety of both the disabled vehicle and other road users.

Purpose and Usage of EWDs

The directive mandates all owners, users, or drivers of motor vehicles to carry at least one pair of EWD, consisting of one red and one yellow triangular reflectorized plate. When a vehicle is stalled, disabled, or parked for an extended period, the driver must install the EWD at least four meters away from the front and rear of the vehicle.

This precautionary measure aims to alert other motorists, mitigating the risk of accidents and ensuring overall road safety.

penalty for no early warning device in philippines

ALAMIN: Ang Early Warning Device (EWD) ay mandatory accessory para sa lahat ng sasakyan, maliban sa traysikel at motorsiklo. Ang pares ng EWD ay kailangang laging dala ng drayber at dapat maipresinta sa LTO deputized law enforcer kapag nahuli.

Ang paggamit nito ay kailangang apat (4) na metro ang layo mula sa harapan at likod ng sasakyan kung sakaling nasiraan sa kalsada o biglang huminto ang sasakyan sa lugar kung saan hindi maaaring pumarada.

KNOW THIS: The Early Warning Device (EWD) is a mandatory accessory for all vehicles, except for tricycles and motorcycles. The pair of EWDs must always be carried by the driver and must be presented to LTO deputized law enforcers when caught.

Its use must be four (4) meters away from the front and rear of the vehicle in case of a breakdown on the road or when the vehicle suddenly stops in a place where it is not possible to park.

Key Features of an EWD

Here’s a detailed explanation of key aspects related to Early Warning Devices:

Physical Characteristics

EWDs typically take the form of triangular, collapsible reflectorized plates. These plates are often in distinct colors, commonly red and yellow, to enhance visibility. The triangular shape and reflectorized surface contribute to their effectiveness in catching the attention of other road users.

Here are some guidelines as to how they are supposed to work:

1. The EWD should be a triangular, collapsible reflectorized plate in red and yellow colors, each side measuring at least 40 cm long and 5 cm wide.

2. Visibility is paramount, even under adverse weather conditions, requiring the triangle to be visible at a distance of at least 400 meters at high beam.

3. The reflectorized triangle must lean slightly backward, ensuring maximum visibility from its sides, and its lower edge should be at least 7 cm above the road surface.

4. The EWD must weigh a minimum of 1.25 kg, concentrated at the base, designed to withstand air currents generated by fast-moving vehicles.

5. Interestingly, no specific accreditation for suppliers or brands is enforced, allowing for homemade EWD, provided they adhere to the stipulated specifications.

Visibility Requirements

EWDs are constructed to be highly visible even under adverse weather conditions or during nighttime. The triangular design ensures visibility from various angles, and the reflectorized surface enables the device to catch and reflect light, making it noticeable from a considerable distance.

Usage Requirement

The primary purpose of EWD is to be deployed when a motor vehicle is stalled, disabled, or parked for an extended period on a street, highway, or expressway.

According to regulations, the device should be installed at least four meters away from the front and rear of the vehicle to effectively warn oncoming traffic.

Legal Compliance

In many jurisdictions, the installation of EWD on motor vehicles is a legal requirement. It is often mandated by government regulations to ensure road safety. Failure to comply with these regulations may result in fines or other penalties.

Weight and Stability

EWDs are designed to have a specific weight, typically a minimum of 1.25 kilograms, with the weight concentrated at the base. This design ensures stability, preventing the device from being easily displaced by air currents generated by passing vehicles.

Angle and Height Placement

To maximize visibility, EWDs are designed to lean slightly backward, typically at an angle ranging from five to ten degrees perpendicular to the roadway. Additionally, the lower edge of the reflectorized triangle should be a specified distance above the surface of the road.

Adherence to Specifications

While there may be guidelines and specifications for the design and construction of EWDs, some regulations explicitly state that no accreditation for suppliers or brands is enforced. This allows for flexibility, permitting the use of homemade EWDs as long as they adhere to the specified criteria.

using early warning device ewd philippines for emergency — sample photo of using EWD in Philippines during emergency

Benefits of Having an Early Warning Device for Your Car

The installation of Early Warning Devices (EWD) on motor vehicles holds paramount importance in ensuring road safety and preventing accidents. Here are several key reasons why the implementation of EWD is crucial:

1. Accident Prevention: EWD serves as a visual alert to other motorists, signaling that a vehicle is stalled, disabled, or parked. This early warning is instrumental in preventing rear-end collisions or other accidents, especially in situations where visibility might be compromised.

2. Enhanced Visibility: The triangular, reflectorized design of EWD ensures high visibility, even under adverse weather conditions or low-light situations. This is critical for alerting approaching drivers and creating a clear indication of potential hazards on the road.

3. Compliance with Regulations: Many countries have regulations mandating the installation of EWD on motor vehicles. Adhering to these regulations not only ensures legal compliance but also contributes to the overall safety ecosystem on the roads.

4. Emergency Preparedness: EWD acts as an essential tool for emergency preparedness. In the event of a breakdown or sudden stoppage, having EWD readily available allows drivers to quickly alert others, reducing the risk of oncoming traffic-related incidents.

5. Quick Identification of Disabled Vehicles: EWD enables swift identification of disabled vehicles, allowing approaching drivers to adjust their speed and course accordingly. This minimizes the chances of sudden lane changes or abrupt stops, decreasing the likelihood of accidents.

6. Traffic Management: When vehicles are stalled or disabled, the proper use of EWD assists in efficient traffic management. It provides a clear indication to other drivers to take necessary precautions, helping to maintain a smooth flow of traffic and preventing congestion.

7. Prevention of Secondary Accidents: In situations where a vehicle is immobilized on a busy road, the use of EWD helps prevent secondary accidents. By giving ample warning to approaching drivers, the likelihood of chain-reaction collisions is reduced.

8. Standardization of Safety Measures: The specifications outlined for EWD, including size, color, and visibility requirements, contribute to standardization in safety measures. This ensures that all motor vehicles are equipped with a consistent and effective means of signaling distress.

9. Public Awareness and Education: The requirement for EWD fosters public awareness about the importance of road safety. It educates drivers about the significance of taking proactive measures to prevent accidents and emphasizes responsible behavior on the road.

10. Reduced Severity of Accidents: In scenarios where accidents cannot be entirely avoided, the early warning provided by EWD contributes to a reduction in the severity of collisions. Other drivers have more time to react and take evasive action, potentially minimizing injuries and damage.

Public Information Dissemination

Regional directors play a pivotal role in disseminating public information regarding EWD specifications, emphasizing its requirement for vehicle registration. This proactive approach ensures that motorists are well-informed about the necessity and specifications of EWD.

Fines and Penalties for No EWD LTO

1. Motor vehicles, excluding motorcycles, are ineligible for registration by the Land Transportation Office (LTO) unless equipped with the prescribed EWD.

2. Failure to install the EWD during vehicle stalling or disablement incurs a fine of P300.00, with the driver’s license being suspended for 30 days.

3. If the failure to install EWD results in an accident, the driver faces more severe consequences, including license suspension for up to two years or even revocation, contingent upon the circumstances.

4. LTO employees or officials involved in the registration of motor vehicles without the required EWD face administrative sanctions, emphasizing the accountability of those within the regulatory system.

5. Any LTO official or employee violating the provisions outlined in this circular is subject to administrative consequences, underscoring the importance of adherence to road safety regulations.

How to Install and Set up Early Warning Device on the Road

Here are the steps on how to properly install and set up an Early Warning Device (EWD) on the road:

Always carry at least one pair of EWD in your motor vehicle, consisting of one red and yellow triangle.
In case of a vehicle stall or disablement on the road, park your vehicle at least 4 meters away from the front and rear, and install the EWD on both sides.

Video: Importance of Emergency Warning Device

Here’s a knowledge report by UNTV about the importance of Early Warning Device to prevent road accidents and promote road safety. Watch and learn more about this mandatory vehicle requirement.

Let us all remember that a little precaution goes a long way in ensuring our safety on the road. So let’s make sure to comply with the use of Early Warning Devices and do our part in promoting a safer and more responsible driving culture.

Summary

The installation of Early Warning Devices (EWDs) on motor vehicles is not merely a regulatory obligation but a fundamental step toward fostering a safer road environment. By promoting visibility, alertness, and efficient traffic management, EWD significantly contributes to accident prevention and overall road safety.The stringent LTO regulations requiring drivers to have Early Warning Devices (EWDs) available on the motor vehicles is a testament to the agency’s continuing efforts to enhance road safety by providing clear signals to other motorists during emergencies.

Adherence to these guidelines is not only a legal requirement but also a crucial step in minimizing accidents and promoting responsible driving. Through effective public information dissemination and enforcement of fines and penalties, the government seeks to create a safer and more secure road environment for all.

What is a Colorum Vehicle and Why is it Illegal in the Philippines?

Colorum violations, generally referred to as colorum, refers to unregistered or unauthorized vehicles, particularly public transportation vehicles, in the Philippines. Operating colorum vehicles is illegal, as they don’t comply with the necessary regulations and pose risks to public safety. Penalties and enforcement may vary depending on frequency and severity of offense, but it is generally against the law.

However, in the bustling streets of the Philippines, where various modes of transportation weave through the urban fabric, the term “colorum” resonates as a significant challenge. This unassuming word carries weight in the context of unauthorized and unregistered vehicles, particularly those used for public transportation. In this guide, we looked into the intricacies of Colorum violations in the Philippines, exploring the legal landscape, the implications for public safety, and the ongoing efforts to address this pervasive issue.

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What is the Meaning of Colorum Vehicle Violation?

The word “colorum” itself may sound unfamiliar to those outside the Philippines, but within the archipelago, it is a term deeply embedded in the transportation lexicon. Colorum refers to vehicles that operate without the necessary permits or proper authorization from relevant government agencies. This phenomenon is most commonly associated with public utility vehicles (PUVs) that provide essential services in ferrying passengers across cities and rural areas.

Note that according to the law, “colorum” vehicles are defined as Public Utility Vehicles (PUVs) that deviate from their approved routes, operate under an unauthorized designation (e.g., a tourist bus functioning as a Public Utility Bus), or possessing a Certificate of Public Convenience (CPC) that is suspended, canceled, or expired.

Legal Ramifications

Colorum violations are not merely a matter of administrative oversight; they constitute a breach of the law. The Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) in the Philippines is the agency responsible for granting franchises and regulating public transportation. Any vehicle operating without the proper franchise is considered colorum and is subject to penalties and legal action.

Not only that, no four (4)-wheeled motor vehicles, either public or private, can be used, driven or operated on the road without being duly registered with the Land Transportation Office (LTO) pursuant to other applicable rules and regulations.

If apprehended by traffic law enforcers because the vehicle does not carry the proper car plate or no car plate is attached to it, the owner shall present any proof that it is duly registered such as current official receipt (OR); certificate of registration (CR); sales invoice of the motor vehicle, the same being dated within seven (7) days prior to the date of apprehension; Certificate of Cover(COC) of Third Party Liability (TPL) Insurance, the same being dated on or after the issuance of the above Sales Invoice; and Certificate of Stock Reported (CSR) as issued by the Land Transportation Office, the same dated on or prior to the issuance of the above Sales Invoice to avoid being penalized provided that the said vehicle has been purchased in the past seven days or the owner can prove that the release of registration was due to the negligence of LTO LTFRB in order to absolve him from such violation.

The operation of all public utility vehicles which are so-called colorum shall also be banned from playing in all routes in the country. Such vehicles, if caught traversing highways and streets with passengers, shall be confiscated and impounded. To prevent colorum vehicles from operating, a tagging system shall be instituted by attaching stickers on legitimate PUVs to enable the concerned government agency to monitor those who have not been issued franchise by the agency. The government policy that only vehicles with “yellow” plates are designated for public use shall be strictly enforced.

Fines & Penalties for Violations

The legal ramifications and penalties are all intended to serve as a deterrent, emphasizing the importance of adhering to regulations to ensure the safety of both passengers and other road users. Penalties may range from fines to the impounding of vehicles, depending on the severity and frequency of the violation.

Type of Vehicle	Fine	Minimum Impounding Period
Bus	PHP 1,000,000	3 Months
Truck	PHP 200,000	3 Months
Jeepney	PHP 50,000	3 Months
Van	PHP 200,000	3 Months
Seddan	PHP 120,000	3 Months
MC	PHP 6,000	3 Months

If found in violation of transportation laws, operators of colorum vehicles will be fined P50,000 for jeepneys, P120,000 for taxis, P200,000 for vans and truck-for-hires, and P1 million for buses. Further, the penalty of seizure shall be imposed on PUVs that are operating illegally.

Here’s a post as shared on LTO Bicol Facebook page which features a list of the fines included for colorum vehicles:

Public Safety Concerns

The prevalence of colorum vehicles raises significant concerns regarding public safety. Authorized public transportation undergoes rigorous checks to ensure roadworthiness and compliance with safety standards. In contrast, colorum vehicles often bypass these inspections, putting passengers at risk.

These unauthorized vehicles may lack necessary maintenance, jeopardizing their mechanical integrity. In the event of an accident, passengers on colorum vehicles face higher risks of injury due to inadequate safety measures. The absence of proper insurance coverage further compounds the challenges faced by those affected.

Economic Implications

The impact of colorum violations extends beyond safety concerns; it also has economic ramifications. Legitimate public transportation operators invest in permits, insurance, and vehicle maintenance, contributing to the overall economic framework. In contrast, colorum operators, bypassing these requirements, can offer lower fares, creating an uneven playing field.

This economic distortion not only affects authorized operators but also impacts the government’s ability to collect appropriate taxes and fees. Addressing colorum violations is, therefore, not only about enforcing the law but also about promoting fair competition and sustaining a healthy economic ecosystem.

Government Initiatives and Challenges

Recognizing the multifaceted challenges posed by colorum violations, the Philippine government has undertaken initiatives to curb this issue. The LTFRB conducts regular operations to apprehend colorum vehicles, imposing penalties and impounding unauthorized public transportation.

However, challenges persist. The sheer number of vehicles and the dynamic nature of the transportation landscape make enforcement a continuous struggle. Additionally, addressing the root causes, such as economic incentives for operating colorum vehicles, requires a comprehensive approach that goes beyond punitive measures.

Community Awareness and Engagement

Efforts to combat colorum violations also involve raising awareness within communities. Educating passengers about the risks associated with unauthorized transportation services empowers them to make informed choices. Encouraging the reporting of colorum activities by the public creates an additional layer of accountability.

Community engagement extends to working with legitimate transportation operators, fostering a sense of shared responsibility in upholding industry standards. By building alliances between the government, operators, and passengers, a collective effort emerges to mitigate the impact of colorum violations.

What is colorum van illegal transport?

A colorum van is a public utility vehicle (PUV) that operates without the required franchise or permit from government authorities. This means the van is not registered or authorized to transport passengers, which is both illegal and unsafe for commuters. Colorum vans are often recognized by the absence of markings or signage indicating their route or operator’s name.

In simpler terms, a colorum is a private vehicle that is acting like a public utility vehicle, usually for the purpose of earning money without complying with legal requirements. These vehicles are often found operating in remote areas or provinces, offering cheap and unregulated transportation services to passengers.

Video: MMDA Apprehend Private Van “Colorum” Van

Here’s a video as shared on Gadget Addict YouTube Channel which features the MMDA apprehending a private van that was operating as a colorum vehicle. The video shows the MMDA officers inspecting the van, verifying its registration and franchise status, before impounding it for violating transport laws. This serves as a reminder for commuters to always prioritize their safety by choosing legitimate and authorized transportation services.

Summary

Colorum violations in the Philippines represent a complex challenge with far-reaching implications. Beyond being a legal matter, it intertwines with issues of public safety, economic fairness, and the overall well-being of communities. Government initiatives, coupled with community awareness and engagement, form a dynamic strategy to address the root causes and consequences of colorum violations.

As the Philippines navigates its journey towards safer and more regulated public transportation, the battle against colorum vehicles serves as a microcosm of the broader challenges faced by developing nations in balancing economic growth with regulatory compliance and public safety.

LTO Conductor Reorientation Course (CRC) Exam Reviewer Questions

Renewing your LTO Conductor’s License at the Land Transportation Office (LTO), especially if you have at least five (5) demerit points, requires you to go through the Conductor Reorientation Course and its culminating exam. As the culminating exam looms, the key to success lies in thorough preparation. This post aims to guide you through the process of preparing for the exam using the invaluable LTO Conductor Reorientation Course Exam Reviewer.

Before delving into preparation strategies, it’s essential to understand the structure and content of the Conductor Reorientation Course. This course is designed to reinforce and update the knowledge of conductors, ensuring they are well-versed in the latest traffic regulations, road safety protocols, and driving techniques.

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The LTO Conductor Reorientation Course Exam Reviewer

The LTO Conductor Reorientation Course Exam Reviewer is a comprehensive study guide that condenses the essential information covered in the course. It serves as a valuable tool for self-assessment, allowing you to gauge your understanding of key concepts and identify areas that require additional focus.

Here’s how you can effectively utilize the LTO Conductor Reorientation Course Exam Reviewer in your preparation:

Familiarize Yourself with Exam Topics

The LTO Conductor Reorientation Course Exam Reviewer provides a breakdown of exam topics. Take the time to review these categories, ensuring you have a solid grasp of the subject matter.

Practice Regularly

Utilize the practice questions included in the LTO Conductor Reorientation Course Exam Reviewer to simulate exam conditions. This not only helps you become familiar with the format but also reinforces your knowledge through active recall.

Identify Weaknesses

Pay close attention to the questions or topics that prove challenging. Use these as opportunities for focused study, revisiting related sections in the LTO Conductor Reorientation Course Exam Reviewer and consulting additional resources if necessary.

Simulate Exam Conditions

As the exam date approaches, simulate actual exam conditions. Time yourself as you answer questions to build stamina and enhance your ability to perform under time constraints.

Seek Clarification

If you encounter concepts that remain unclear, don’t hesitate to seek clarification from instructors, peers, or additional learning materials. Understanding every aspect is crucial for success.

Stay Updated

The LTO Conductor Reorientation Course Exam Reviewer may not cover last-minute updates or changes. Stay informed about any recent amendments to traffic rules or regulations to ensure your knowledge is current.

LTO Conductor Reorientation Course Exam Reviewer

Read each question and scenario carefully, then check out the answer that the LTO expects you to give in each situation.

1. What would you do as a Conductor if the bus is involved in a road crash and you were NOT hurt?

Answer: Assist the injured passengers and call for help

2. How much is the fare discount granted to senior citizens, persons with disability (PWDs), and students pursuant to R.A. No. 9994 (Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010), R.A. No. 9442 (Magna Carta for Disabled Persons), and R.A. No. 11314 (Student Fare Discount Act)?

Answer: 20% discount of the prescribed fare for senior citizens, PWDs, and students

3. Seatbelts must be worn by the driver and the passenger at:

Answer: all times, in any kind of road condition regardless of the destination

4. What documents should always be carried by a conductor?

Answer: Conductor’s License, Photocopy of Valid Franchise/Certificate of Public Convenience (CPC), Certificate of Registration (CR) and current Official Receipt (OR) of payment

5. If a motor vehicle is a 61-seater including the driver’s seat, how many passengers are allowed to board in it?

Answer: 60 passengers

6. By law, the front seat of For Hire buses are reserved for:

Answer: Senior Citizens, persons with disability (PWDs), and pregnant women Pursuant to Joint Administrative Order No. 2014-01

7. The Conductor’s License cannot be used in:

Answer: driving a motor vehicle during emergency or as alternate when driver is not feeling well

8. One of the primary duties of the Conductor is to:

Answer: assist passengers in conveying/dropping together with their

luggage/baggage

9. What is the penalty for the falsification or fraudulent presentation of Certificate of Public Convenience?

Answer: Revocation/cancellation of CPC

10. As a conductor, what are you going to do during peak hours when there are more passengers who are eager to ride, but the bus is already full?

Answer: Respectfully decline and tell them to wait for the next bus

11. What do you call a public utility vehicle that is operating with suspended or canceled CPC?

Answer: Colorum, Pursuant to Joint Administrative Order No. 2014-01

12. To ensure that the fares are collected correctly and properly especially during the initial trip, the conductor should:

Answer: prepare enough coins to have the exact change before traveling.

13. What is not allowed to be loaded in the bus?

Answer: Gasoline, LPG and other hazardous chemicals

14. What is one of the good habits of a Conductor?

Answer: Cleaning the bus (inside and outside) before and after every trip

15. What should you do if a passenger feels dizzy and is vomiting?

Answer: Provide assistance to the passenger.

16. Always carry a pair of Early Warning Device (EWD) on vehicles with 4 or more wheels and use them when stalled due to motor vehicle breakdown. How do you use the EWD?

Answer: Put the EWD at a distance of 4 meters at the front and 4 meters at the rear of the stalled vehicle.

17. Under the law, who is entitled to a fare discount?

Answer: Senior citizens, persons with disability, and students pursuant to R.A. No. 9994, R.A. No. 9442, and R.A. No. 11314, respectively

18. What do you need to make sure before the bus moves off?

Answer: The door is properly closed

19. What must the conductor do if the passenger’s personal belongings have been left inside the bus?

Answer: Surrender to the office/terminal for proper turn over

20. Are passengers allowed to stand while the bus is in motion?

Answer: No, it is not allowed at all times

21. Where is the right place to stop if the passenger is about to board or alight within the city proper?

Answer: At any loading and unloading zones only

22. Where is the appropriate place for large passenger baggage?

Answer: Baggage compartment

23. What is the violation if the conductor accepts or carries passengers in his/her motor vehicle that is more than the capacity fixed by the LTFRB?

Answer: Overloading-excess passenger pursuant to R.A. No. 4136

24. If the vehicle broke down on the highway, the conductor should remind the driver:

Answer: To park the vehicle off the highway, if possible

25. What fine/penalty will be imposed on the operator if the conductor fails to provide a fare discount to those entitled passengers under existing laws?

Answer: 1st Offense – monetary fine; 2nd Offense – monetary fine and impounding of unit for thirty (30) days; and for the 3rd and Succeeding Offense – monetary fine and cancellation of CPC

26. What is one of the requirements for a public utility vehicle?

Answer: Fire extinguisher

27. The driver and conductor must convey and drop passengers:

Answer: at designated loading and unloading zones only

28. What is your responsibility as a conductor after parking the vehicle?

Answer: Making sure that there are no sleeping passengers, and anything left inside the bus must be properly turned over

29. What is the appropriate attire for a Conductor?

Answer: Uniforms issued by their company for easy identification

30. What does “beating the red light” mean?

Answer: Passing through the yellow lights coming to the intersection

31. Never park or stop at the side of the road within _______ from a fire hydrant.

Answer: 4 meters, pursuant to R.A. No. 4136

32. A yellow traffic light means:

Answer: You must slow down and prepare to stop. Disregarding the yellow traffic light will constitute beating the red light tantamount to reckless driving

33. You must check your vehicle thoroughly before making a long trip to:

Answer: Prevent the inconvenience of vehicle breakdown

34. What is the primary responsibility of a driver who has been involved in a road crash?

Answer: Assess the situation and if possible, assist the injured person and call for help

35. What should you do before making a U-turn?

Answer: Check for traffic behind and indicate intention with a left turn signal. Give way to oncoming vehicles

36. The blind spot is the area to your right or left that you do not see on the side view mirror. What will you do before you reverse?

Answer: Look around to see that the way is clear

37. After making a left turn at the intersection, you should:

Answer: switch off the signal light and proceed to the proper lane with care

38. In an intersection, what must you do if a car on your right enters at the same time you do?

Answer: Give way, the vehicle on the right has the priority right-of-way

39. What are the main components of the steering system?

Answer: Tie rod, box, pump, and linkages

40. The purpose of rear-view mirror is to:

Answer: check the vehicles from behind

41. If you are driving in a rainy condition, you should:

Answer: take precautionary measures to avoid road crash

42. What is the purpose of a cat’s eye on the road?

Answer: Installed as a substitute to broken lines

43. Before driving on a steep downhill road, the driver must:

Answer: shift to low gear to control the speed of the vehicle

44. Slam (hard) braking must be avoided when driving on a wet road, because:

Answer: the wheels may skid and may cause a loss of control of the steering wheel

45. What precautions must you take in reversing?

Answer: Take continuous all-around observation/inspection

46. When driving within the school zone, the maximum permitted speed is:

Answer: 20 kph, pursuant to R.A. No. 4136

47. What is the main function of the exhaust manifold?

Answer: To release excess compressed air into the muffler

48. A steady green traffic light means:

Answer: vehicles can proceed

49. What should you do if you make a wrong turn on a one-way road?

Answer: Back up if possible or safely make a U-turn

50. In what instances will speed restrictions NOT apply?

Answer: When drivers of ambulances, fire trucks, police cars, physicians, armed forces, and traffic enforcers are responding to an emergency, and when any driver is bringing wounded or sick persons for emergency treatment to hospitals, pursuant to R.A. No. 4136

51. Aside from the monetary fine, what is the additional penalty of a driver apprehended for NOT wearing a seatbelt for the third offense?

Answer: Suspension of driver’s license for one (1) week, pursuant to Joint Administrative Order No. 2014-01

52. The maximum speed limit for light vehicles in expressways is:

Answer: 100 kph

53. The white broken line between lanes means:

Answer: overtaking or changing lane is allowed if it is safe

54. The shape of a “Stop” sign is:

Answer: Octagon

55. What is the certification issued by the LTFRB for Public Utility Vehicle (PUV)?

Answer: Certificate of Public Convenience (CPC)

56. A traffic light with a steady yellow arrow means:

Answer: turning vehicles facing the arrow light must slow down and prepare to stop

57. What is the prescribed standard color of uniform for jeepney drivers?

Answer: Light blue, Pursuant to LTFRB Memorandum Circular No. 2011-004

58. What can you contribute to ensure a clean air environment?

Answer: Maintain an emission-compliant vehicle

59. In an intersection a steady red light means:

Answer: all vehicles facing the red light must stop at the Stop line

60. Motor vehicle emissions can contribute to:

Answer: air pollution

Summary

Preparing for the LTO Conductor Reorientation Course Culminating Exam with this LTO Conductor Reorientation Course Exam Reviewer is a strategic approach to success. By going through the basic concept in this reviewer and by incorporating regular practice, targeted reviews, and a commitment to staying informed, you can confidently navigate the exam and renew your conductor’s license, equipped with the latest knowledge and a dedication to road safety.