Tips

The No Contact Apprehension Policy (NCAP) is not entirely new—it’s an existing traffic enforcement system first implemented by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) years ago, but it was suspended in 2022 due to legal challenges. NCAP refers to the use of CCTV cameras, digital imaging devices, and other technology to detect traffic violations without physically stopping motorists. Instead of a roadside apprehension by enforcers, registered vehicle owners receive a Notice of Violation through mail, email, SMS, or through the May Huli Ka website, in the hopes that traffic enforcement can be more consistent. It was also designed to not only reduce face-to-face disputes between drivers and officers but to also lessen opportunities for bribery or arbitrary apprehensions.

This year, the NCAP is back with updated rules, better systems, and more coverage across Metro Manila. Although it is still managed by the MMDA, and uses the same technology to implement, the updated version also introduced new changes for vehicle registration and license penalties. With this, the LTO and MMDA expects this relaunch to improve fairness, transparency, and coverage while reinforcing its core goal—promoting discipline and road safety through automated, technology-driven enforcement.

Overview

The NCAP was first rolled out by the MMDA in 2016 to automate traffic law enforcement through CCTV and digital monitoring, reducing the need for physical apprehensions and minimizing roadside disputes on selected major roads in Metro Manila before being expanded to more areas in the following years. Unfortunately, legal and procedural concerns including complaints centered on high fines, lack of clear contesting procedures, and holding previous owners accountable for violations committed by new vehicle owners made it so controversial that the government had to temporarily stop its implementation. 

After its suspension in 2022, it was relaunched in 2025 with standardized fines across Metro Manila, clearer signage in enforcement zones, expanded payment channels, and stronger coordination with the Land Transportation Office (LTO), reinforcing its core goal to promote discipline and road safety through automated, technology-driven enforcement. That said, instead of being flagged down by an enforcer, motorists with violations will receive a Notice of Violation via mail, email, SMS, or through the May Huli Ka website allowing consistent traffic enforcement, reducing corruption, and improving the overall road safety.

Purposes and Goals

The relaunched NCAP still has the following goals: 

• Monitor traffic more efficiently using automated systems
• Reduce physical apprehensions and roadside disputes
• Encourage discipline among motorists
• Maintain transparency in violation recording
• Help decongest roads by minimizing manual checkpoints

Where NCAP is Implemented

As of May 26, 2025, NCAP was meant to cover major Metro Manila roads under MMDA jurisdiction, including:

• Circumferential Roads
  • C1: Recto Avenue
  • C2: Mendoza St. / President Quirino Avenue
  • C3: Araneta Avenue
  • C4: EDSA
  • C5: Katipunan Avenue, C.P. Garcia Avenue, Tandang Sora Avenue
• Radial Roads
  • R1: Roxas Boulevard
  • R2: Taft Avenue
  • R3: South Superhighway
  • R4: Shaw Boulevard
  • R5: Ortigas Avenue
  • R6: Magsaysay Boulevard, Aurora Boulevard
  • R7: Quezon Avenue, Commonwealth Avenue
  • R8: A. Bonifacio Avenue
  • R9: Rizal Avenue
  • R10: Marcos Highway, MacArthur Highway, Del Pan Street

Note: Cities like Manila, Quezon City, Parañaque, and Valenzuela still have NCAP suspended until further notice.

How NCAP Works

To better understand this, here’s how it works:

1. CCTV or digital cameras capture a vehicle committing a traffic violation.
2. Footage is reviewed and validated by MMDA personnel.
3. Vehicle details are verified through the LTO Information Query Facility.
4. The violation is encoded in the NCAP system.
5. A Notice of Violation is printed and sent to the registered vehicle owner.

How to Check for Violations

If you are unsure about your NCAP violations, you can check online through May Huli Ka by entering:

• Plate number or conduction sticker
• MV file numberlimage

Note: In the relaunched NCAP, real-time SMS and email alerts are also being sent, coming only from “MMDA NCAP” or no-reply@mmda.gov.ph (These don’t come with payment links so make sure to pay attention to avoid scams).

What to Do if You Have a Violation

Here’s what you need to do if you are flagged for violation under NCAP:

Step 1. Verify

Request a copy of your Notice of Violation via email or wait for the one sent via registered mail (PHLPost).

Step 2. Pay

You may settle the violation fines in two ways: 

• Physical Payment: MMDA Head Office (Pasig) or Robinsons Galleria Satellite Office
• Digital Payment: Maya, Bayad App, iCash, Landbank Link.BizPortal

Step 3. Contest

In case you think you are wrongly apprehended, you may file a dispute with the Traffic Adjudication Division (TAD) within 10 working days at the MMDA office or online.

How to Contest/Appeal a Violation

If you have an NCAP violation but you want to file a dispute, here are the steps you need to follow:

Step 1. Review your notice and prepare evidence (photos, dashcam video, etc.).

Step 2. File your appeal online via the MMDA portal or at the TAD Office (MMDA New Building, Pasig).

Step 3. Submit within 10 working days from receipt of the notice.

Step 4. If denied, you can appeal to the Office of the Chairman within 15 working days.

What Happens If You Don’t Pay

If you don’t file an appeal or settle the fines on your own within a specific timeframe, then you can expect the following consequences:

• Your plate number will be included in the LTO Alarm List.
• You’ll be required to settle the fine before renewing your vehicle registration.

How to Avoid NCAP Fines

Naturally, it’s still best to avoid being fined, so here are some tips to avoid being flagged for violation under NCAP:

• Follow all traffic signs and regulations.
• Regularly check your plate number online for possible violations.
• Keep your LTO contact information updated.
• Avoid roads with NCAP cameras if you are unsure of your compliance.
• Settle or contest violations within the given time frame.
  

Video: NCAP Process—How Does it Work?

The relaunched NCAP essentially operates the same, though the MMDA and LTO has worked to address the issues that led to its suspension in 2022. Now, to better understand how it works and to find ways to avoid being flagged for violations under NCAP, you may want to check this out:

Need Help? 

For questions or verification, you may reach out to:

MMDA NCAP Office

• Contact Number: +632 8898 4200 loc. 1084
• Email: noncontact@mmda.gov.ph / ncap2@mmda.gov.ph
• MMDA Head Office, Julia Vargas Ave. cor. Molave St., Pasig City
• MMDA Hotline: 136

When the registered owner of a motor vehicle passes away, the transfer of ownership becomes necessary before the car can be sold, registered, or legally used. The Land Transportation Office (LTO) has a structured process for transferring motor vehicle (MV) ownership in these cases so the rightful heir or buyer can legally use and register the vehicle. The process is simple and the fees are minimal, making it easier to avoid legal issues, registration problems, and liability disputes in the future.

This guide walks you through the requirements, procedures, fees, and timelines so heirs and buyers can navigate the process smoothly. 

Why You Need to Transfer Ownership

If a car’s registered owner dies, the Certificate of Registration (CR) and other records under the LTO must reflect the rightful heir or new owner. This prevents legal issues such as:

• Inability to renew registration under the deceased’s name
• Complications in selling or disposing of the vehicle
• Questions of liability in case of accidents or violations
• Possible penalties for using an unregistered or improperly documented vehicles
• The vehicle may be subject to claims from creditors if the estate is unsettled.

By completing the transfer properly, the heirs get legal ownership and avoid legal or financial complications later on.

Who Needs to Do This?

Here’s a list of people who need to know how to transfer motor vehicle (MV) ownership when the registered owner dies:

• Surviving heirs: whether there is one heir (sole adjudication) or multiple heirs (extra-judicial settlement).
• Family members of the deceased owner: such as spouse, children, or siblings handling the estate.
• Executors or administrators of the estate: those legally tasked to settle the deceased’s properties.
• Buyers of a vehicle from an estate: individuals who purchased the motor vehicle from heirs or through estate settlement.
• Lawyers or estate representatives: assisting clients in legal transfers of property, including vehicles.
• Businesses or organizations: if the deceased owned a company-registered vehicle that needs transfer to successors or new owners.
• Anyone planning to sell or use the inherited vehicle: to make sure it is properly registered and legally transferred under their name.

Requirements  

When transferring ownership of a motor vehicle (whether sold or inherited), the following documents are required:

• PNP-HPG Motor Vehicle Clearance Certificate – Original copy
• Duly accomplished Motor Vehicle Inspection Report – Original copy
• Insurance Certificate of Cover (electronically transmitted) – Original copy
• Valid government-issued ID of both vendor and vendee – Present original and submit photocopy
  Accepted IDs include:
  • PhilID
  • Philippine passport
  • SSS
  • UMID
  • PhilHealth
  • TIN
  • Postal
  • Voter’s
  • Barangay
  • PRC
  • Senior Citizen
  • OFW
  • OWWA
  • NCDA
  • Solo Parent
  • GSIS e-Card
  • Seaman’s Boo
  • GOCC ID
  • HDMF
  • DSWD certification
  • IBP ID
• Confirmation of CR – Photocopy with original for presentation (if issued by another LTO Regional Office)

Additional Requirements

If the Vehicle is Inherited

If the vehicle is passed on to heirs, the requirements differ depending on whether the estate was settled extra-judicially or through court proceedings.

Extra-Judicial Settlement of Estate

• Certificate of Registration (CR) – Original copy
• Affidavit of publication of the Deed in a newspaper of general circulation for 3 consecutive weeks with clippings
• Death certificate, birth certificate, or marriage certificate – Photocopy (issued by PSA/NSO)
• Valid government-issued ID – Present original and submit photocopy (same list as above)

If there are two or more heirs:

• Deed of Extra Judicial Settlement of Estate – Original copy

If there is only one heir:

• Sole Adjudication – Original copy

Judicial Settlement of Estate

• Certificate of Registration (CR) or affidavit of loss – Original copy
• Court decision – Certified true copy
• Death certificate, birth certificate, or marriage certificate – Photocopy (issued by PSA/NSO)
• Valid government-issued ID – Present original and submit photocopy (same list as above)

Step-by-Step Process

Here are the steps to follow when you apply for LTO transfer of motor vehicle ownership if the owner is deceased

Step 1. Submit requirements at any LTO District or Extension Office.

• Evaluator checks documents
• Application processed in system
• Records officer requests confirmation from concerned district, if applicable

Step 2. Log in to the LTMS Portal

• Evaluator inputs details, uploads requirements, and generates transaction ID 

Step 3. Pay fees at the Cashier

• Payment of required fees (see breakdown below)
• Receive official receipt

Step 4. Review and approval of transaction

Step 5. Printing of Certificate of Registration (CR) or Certificate of Registration-Encumbered (CRE)

Step 6. Signing of CR/CRE by the Chief of Office

Step 7. Release of new CR/CRE

• Present official receipt
• Sign the registration logbook

Fees and Charges

When applying for transfer of ownership at the LTO, make sure to bring enough cash to cover the following fees:

• Standard fees:
  • Legal Research Fund: PHP 10
  • Transfer of Ownership: PHP 50
• Possible additional fee:
  • Late application (if Deed of Sale exceeds one month): PHP 150

Where to Process the Transfer

You may proceed with this transaction at anu authorized LTO District and Extension Offices from Monday to Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM. 

Processing Time

The total estimated processing timeay take up to 4 hours and 5 minutes, provided that you have all the required documents for submission.

Quick Reminders

To ensure a smooth and successful transfer of Mv ownership, make aure to keep these things in mind: 

• If the transaction is in the Mother File, confirmation from another LTO office may not be required.
• For heirs, always clarify whether settlement is judicial or extra-judicial before preparing documents.
• The Affidavit of Publication is often overlooked but mandatory for extra-judicial settlements.
• Transactions are done only within regular LTO office hours so make sure to check with the branch before
• Make sure to also avoid these common mistakes:
  • Not updating the Certificate of Registration (CR) immediately – Delaying the transfer may lead to penalties (₱150 for late filing) and legal complications when renewing or selling the vehicle.
  • Forgetting the Affidavit of Publication – For extra-judicial settlements, heirs often forget to publish the deed in a newspaper of general circulation for three consecutive weeks, which is mandatory.
  • Incomplete IDs or mismatched details – Make sure all heirs or buyers present valid government-issued IDs with consistent personal information to avoid rejection of documents.
  • Not clarifying the type of settlement – Heirs sometimes prepare the wrong document (extra-judicial settlement vs. judicial settlement vs. sole adjudication). The LTO will not process the transfer without the correct one.
  • Submitting photocopies without presenting originals – LTO requires the original copies for verification, so always bring them even if only photocopies are submitted.
  • Late filing of the Deed of Sale – If the vehicle is sold after the owner’s death, filing the deed late adds extra fees and delays.
  • Skipping the PNP-HPG clearance – This clearance is needed to verify that the vehicle is not stolen or encumbered; forgetting it can stop the process entirely.
  • Assuming processing can be done online only – While the LTMS Portal is used for uploading documents, you must still appear at an LTO District or Extension Office to finalize the transfer.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)  

For your reference, here are some common questions and answers about this procedure: 

1. Can I drive the vehicle while the transfer of ownership is still pending?

Yes, but you may encounter problems if caught in a traffic stop or during registration renewal, since the car is still under the deceased’s name. It’s best to process the transfer as soon as possible.

2. What if there is no will?

If the deceased left no will, heirs must execute an Extra-Judicial Settlement of Estate (if there are multiple heirs) or a Sole Adjudication (if there is only one heir). These documents are required by the LTO.

3. Do I need a lawyer for the transfer?

Not always. For simple extra-judicial settlements, heirs can draft the document themselves and have it notarized. However, for judicial settlement cases (when handled in court), legal assistance is usually necessary.

4. How much will it cost to transfer ownership?

The standard fees cost a total of ₱60, plus an additional ₱150 penalty if the deed of sale or settlement is filed more than one month late. Other costs may include notarization and publication of the extra-judicial settlement.

5. How long does the process take?

The LTO processing time is about four hours once all documents are complete. However, gathering documents like the death certificate, affidavit of publication, or court decision may take longer.

6. What happens if we don’t transfer ownership?

Failure to transfer ownership can lead to issues during renewal, selling the car, or if the vehicle gets involved in an accident or violation. The registered owner is still officially recorded as the deceased person, which may cause legal complications.

Video: LTO Transfer of Ownership Updates – Checkpoint Serye

Handling estate matters can be overwhelming, but transferring motor vehicle ownership after the owner dies is manageable if you know the steps. Whether handled through extra-judicial settlement, sole adjudication, or a court decision, everything must pass through the LTO for updating the Certificate of Registration. For more information on how heirs and new owners can avoid future legal problems and keep the vehicle legally registered for continued use, you may check out this video:

For more details on the different LTO services, you may visit the official LTO website or contact them via the following:

• Via the LTMS portal: Visit the LTO’s official website and fill out their Contact Us form at https://portal.lto.gov.ph/ords/f?p=PUBLIC_PORTAL:CONTACT_US:115716301949471.
• Via phone call: You may contact them at their telephone number (632) 922-9061 to 66.
• Via email: You may also send them an email at clientcare@lto.gov.ph.
• Via the LTO Text Hotline Service: You may use LTO’s nationwide SMS service for drivers and vehicle owners by typing LTOHELP and sending it to 2600
• By visiting the LTO office: For information, you may check the LTO branch closest to you

Selling or buying a car in the Philippines is already a paperwork-heavy task. But when either the buyer or the seller is abroad, the process can feel even more complicated. The good news? The Land Transportation Office (LTO) allows ownership transfers through a Special Power of Attorney (SPA) and complete documentation, so whether you are an OFW selling your car remotely or a buyer based overseas, there is a way for you to legally transfer ownership of your vehicle. 

This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about the transfer of ownership of a motor vehicle at LTO when one party is overseas—whether you are a seller letting go of your vehicle while abroad or a buyer purchasing one from an OFW.

Transferring Vehicle Ownership While Abroad

Transferring vehicle ownership in the Philippines requires filing the sale and updating the records with the LTO. When either the buyer or seller is abroad, the process can still be completed legally as long as they:

• Appoint a trusted representative in the Philippines (called an attorney-in-fact).
• Execute a notarized Special Power of Attorney (SPA) giving them authority to act on your behalf.
• Provide complete vehicle and personal documents needed for the transaction.

The process is recognized by law and processed at any authorized LTO District or Extension Office.

Why Do This?

Transferring vehicle ownership is necessary because of the following:

• Ensures the buyer, not the previous owner, is held accountable for traffic violations, accidents, or crimes involving the vehicle.
• Protects both parties by officially recording who owns the vehicle.
• Prevents fines and sanctions from the LTO for failure to update ownership records.
• Makes it easier for the new owner to renew registration and process insurance claims.
• A properly transferred vehicle is more attractive to future buyers.
• The seller is freed from liability, while the buyer gains full legal rights to use and dispose of the car.

LTO Requirements

The authorized representative must prepare these standard documents for transfer of ownership:

• PNP-HPG Motor Vehicle Clearance Certificate (original copy)
• Motor Vehicle Inspection Report (original copy)
• Insurance Certificate of Cover (CTPL) (original copy)
• Original CR and OR of the vehicle
• Notarized Deed of Sale (original copy)
• Valid Government-issued IDs of both buyer and seller (original + photocopy)
• Confirmation of CR (if issued outside the region of transfer)

Other documents may be required depending on how the vehicle was acquired, such as:

• Sheriff’s Certificate of Sale (for foreclosed vehicles)
• Release of Chattel Mortgage (if previously loan-financed)
• Notice of Award (if acquired through government auction)

Procedures

To proceed with the transfer of ownership, simply follow these steps:

If the Seller is Abroad

If you are the vehicle owner (seller) and you’re outside the Philippines:

Step 1. Appoint a Representative

Choose a trusted family member, friend, or representative in the Philippines.

Step 2. Prepare a Notarized SPA

Draft and notarize a Special Power of Attorney authorizing your representative to:

• Sell the vehicle.
• Sign the Deed of Sale.
• Process the transfer with the LTO.

Step 3. Provide Identification

Send a copy of your valid government-issued ID (preferably a passport) with three specimen signatures.

Step 4. Turn Over Vehicle Documents

Give your representative the original Certificate of Registration (CR) and latest Official Receipt (OR).

Step 5. If the Vehicle is Financed

Secure the Release of Chattel Mortgage from your bank.

Step 6. Report the Sale

Your representative must report the sale to the LTO within five working days of the notarized Deed of Sale or vehicle turnover date. Delays mean fines.

If the Buyer is Abroad

If you are the buyer and you’re not in the Philippines:

Step 1. Appoint a Representative

Assign a trusted attorney-in-fact in the Philippines.

Step 2. Prepare a Notarized SPA

This authorizes your representative to purchase the vehicle and complete the LTO transfer.

Step 3. Provide Identification

Give your representative a copy of your valid ID with three specimen signatures, plus your Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN).

Step 4. Provide Funds

Send the money for the purchase, transfer fees, and related expenses.

What the Representative Must Do

Once appointed, the representative acts on your behalf. Their tasks include:

• Gathering Required Documents: Deed of Sale, original OR/CR, valid IDs, and notarized SPA.
• Securing PNP-HPG Clearance: The vehicle must be presented at the PNP-Highway Patrol Group for clearance and stenciling of the engine and chassis. This confirms the vehicle is not stolen.
• Vehicle Inspection: Get a Motor Vehicle Inspection Report (MVIR) or PMVIC report.
• Insurance: Secure a Compulsory Third-Party Liability (CTPL) insurance Certificate of Cover under the buyer’s name.
• Submit Documents to LTO: Head to the nearest or originating LTO office to file the transfer of ownership.
• Pay Fees: Standard fees apply (see breakdown below).
• Claim New OR/CR: Once approved, the LTO issues a new Certificate of Registration (CR) and Official Receipt (OR) under the buyer’s name.

Processing Steps at the LTO

Here’s how the process unfolds once the authorized representative arrives at the LTO office:

• Submit all documents to the evaluator for checking.
• Upload requirements into the LTMS Portal.
• Pay fees at the Cashier and get the Official Receipt (OR).
• Wait for approval and processing of the new CR.
• Receive the new Certificate of Registration in the buyer’s name.

Cost and Processing Timeline

The cost of transferring vehicle ownership in the Philippines varies depending on the type of vehicle and whether there are penalties for late transfer. On average, processing at the LTO takes around four (4) hours, depending on document completeness and provided that you already have clearance from the PNP-HPG. Fees must be settled during the transaction, and delays can result in surcharges or fines.

Standard Fees:

• Legal Research Fund: ₱10
• Transfer of Ownership Fee: ₱50
• Total: ₱60

Possible Penalties:

• ₱150 late fee if the Deed of Sale is registered beyond one month.
• ₱20,000 fine if the sale is not reported within five days.
• ₱20,000 fine if the transfer is not completed within 20 days.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

For your reference, here are some additional information regarding the transfer of vehicle ownership at LTO:

1. Can I sell my car while abroad?

Yes, you can. Many Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) continue to manage assets back home, including cars. Selling your car while abroad is perfectly legal as long as:

• You appoint a trusted representative via SPA.
• You provide original OR/CR and valid IDs.
• The Deed of Sale is signed by your attorney-in-fact.

2. Is it safe to buy a car owned by an OFW?

Yes—as long as documents are complete. Buyers should check:

• Signed and notarized Deed of Sale
• SPA authorizing the seller’s representative
• Clean CR and OR (no violations, unpaid fees, or encumbrances)

Video: LTO Transfer of Ownership, Requirements, and Cost

Being overseas should not stop you from selling your car or buying one in the Philippines. The process of transferring motor vehicle ownership when either the buyer or seller is abroad may sound complicated, but with the right documents and a trusted representative, the process is manageable. To learn more about this, you may also check this video below: