With the threat of coding violation fees looming over unsuspecting drivers, driving around Metro Manila can indeed be quite an arduous task. However, without the number coding scheme in effect, it would be even more impossible to go out and not get stuck in traffic in Metro Manila, especially during rush hour periods. In fact, some may even think it’s best not to get your own car, but one cannot discount the comforts of driving a private car. In any case, with the number coding scheme, otherwise known as the Modified Unified Vehicular Volume Reduction Program (UVVRP), currently being implemented in Metro Manila, it’s a little better so long as you pay attention to where you can and cannot go.
The number coding scheme in Metro Manila is one of the government’s latest attempts to manage the increasing congestion on the roads in the region. It was launched a while back, in 1995, starting out as the odd-even scheme, before evolving into the color coding scheme known to the older generations. Now, it’s known as number coding—a road space rationing system, implemented by the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) to reduce the traffic volume in Metro Manila.
Coding violation refers to the violation of the rules and regulations of the number coding scheme or UVVRP. It is one of the many types of traffic rule transgressions, and is one of the most violated ones, too. In fact, Baguio City had recorded about 15,679 coding apprehensions in the past seven months alone. If it’s this much in the Summer Capital alone, imagine how many more coding violations have been recorded in other cities, particularly in Metro Manila? And why does it seem like people are not afraid of violating the coding system?
One of the first reasons you might have thought of is that maybe the fines and penalties attributed to coding violations aren’t scary or hefty enough. Maybe it really isn’t, so let’s take a look at what it means to violate the number coding rules and regulations.
Coding Violations Fees and Penalties
Generally, any person found to be violating the Modified Unified Vehicular Volume Reduction Program (UVVRP) or the Number Coding Scheme shall be meted with the following:
Payment of coding violation fee
The standard fine ranges between ₱300.00 to ₱500.00,according to the single ticketing system of the Metro Manila Traffic Code and depending upon where the violation was committed. This penalty must be paid within seven days. Failure to do so within the given period will result in additional fines. It could be especially inconvenient when renewing your driver’s license.
Confiscation of license and issuance of traffic ticket
In some places, the violator’s driver’s license used to be confiscated while the enforcers issued a ticket, which can be used to claim the license after the payment of the fine.
Other Fees and Penalties
In other places with number coding ordinances, there are different fines and penalties imposed on coding violations. These are as follows:
In Alabang, in case you violate the rule, you will have a fine of ₱500.00 on the first offense, ₱750.00 on the second offense, and ₱1,000 on the third and succeeding offenses. Do note that these penalties and coding schemes were prior to the pandemic as such some rules may have changed.
In Cavite, any person found violating the UVRS or Number Coding Scheme shall be meted a fine of Three Hundred Pesos (₱300.00). For this purpose, the violator’s driver’s license shall be confiscated and issued a ticket, which ticket shall be used to claim the license after the payment of the fine.
According to the new matrix, violators should pay the following: ₱500.00 each for number coding, tricycle ban and arrogance/discourteous conduct.
Payment Channels for Number Coding Violations
If you’re wondering where and how you are supposed to settle the fine for your number coding scheme violation, then the MMDA offers the following list of payment channels to choose from:
MMDA Traffic Management Division
Landbank Link Biz Portal
Bayad Center
SM Bills Payment
PayMaya
GCash
GrabPay
Exemptions to the Number Coding Scheme
Like any other rule or law, the number coding scheme or UVVRP also comes with exemptions for special cases and vehicles. These exemptions mean that the coding scheme does not apply to certain vehicle types and on certain roads even though the scheme works in the city with jurisdiction over the area.
For more specific lists, you can refer to this complete guide to places and instances with coding exemptions:
List of vehicles that are exempted from the number coding scheme (except in Makati City)
Public Utility Vehicles (PUVs – including tricycles
Transport Network Vehicle Services
Motorcycles
Garbage, fuel, and Fire trucks
Marked government vehicles and marked Media Vehicles
Motor vehicles carrying essential or perishable goods
Doctors with valid and updated PRC Licenses
Electric and Hybrid Vehicles with LTO certification
Note: In Makati City, the following vehicles are also exempted from the number coding scheme:
Ambulances, fire trucks, police patrol, military vehicles on official functions
Diplomatic vehicles with diplomatic plates
Government vehicles with government plates
Official media vehicles with markings expressly showing their company while in official use
Tow trucks duly accredited by the City of Makati
Vehicles used by medical practitioners during emergency
Vehicles with Senior Citizen Blu Card holders as drivers or passengers
In some places, the scheme doesn’t apply. These places include:
Taguig (excluding C-5, East Service Road, and Manuel L. Quezon Avenue).
The NAIA Expressway
Skyway
South Luzon Expressway
Domestic Road
Ninoy Aquino Avenue
MIA Road
Sales Road,
parts of Airport Road, and
Some parts of Buendia (Gil Puyat); and
Other tollways and sections of these toll roads that pass through Metro Manila
Video: What is Number Coding?
Learn more about the expanded Unified Vehicular Volume Reduction Program (UVVRP), or more popularly known as “number coding,” or for the previous generation, “color coding by watching this video posted by the MMDA:
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
For your reference, here are some common questions and answers that will help you gain more insight about the coding violation fees and the number coding scheme:
1. Can MMDA confiscate licenses for coding violations?
No. Only the Land Transportation Office (LTO) officers and their deputized agents may confiscate your licenses pursuant to Republic Act (RA) 4136, also known as the Land Transportation and Traffic Code. That said, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) traffic enforcers cannot confiscate your licenses.
2. Does the number coding scheme apply only in Metro Manila?
No. In an effort to regulate vehicular activities in different areas, the UVVRP has also been stretched throughout different locations outside of Metro Manila. These places include Baguio, Cavite, Cabanatuan, and Dagupan, with all cities following the same daily conduction sticker or license plate restriction.
Baguio, for instance, imposes the number coding scheme in the Central Business District which is crowded due to offices, businesses, and big schools situated within the area. There are selected areas that are limited to restrictions, too, which includes:
Session Road
Burnham Park
Baguio City Market
Cavite City has also been practicing the coding scheme, with its number coding scheme being implemented during weekdays from 6 AM to 7 PM on the following major thoroughfares within the territorial jurisdiction of the province:
Aguinaldo Highway (Bacoor to Dasmarinas-Silang boundary)
Governor’s Drive (Carmona to Trece Martires City – Tanza boundary)
Molino-Salawag-Paliparan Road (Zapote, Bacoor to Paliparan, Dasmarinas)
Molino Boulevard
Daang Hari Road (Aguinaldo Highway, Imus to Molino, Bacoor)
3. What are the Number Coding hours?
Generally, the standard number coding scheme period applies so the restriction is effective from 7 AM to 10 AM and from 5 PM to 8 PM. There are, however, special areas such as Makati City that still stick with the traditional 7 AM to 7 PM coding scheme with no window hours at all.
4. What are the Number Coding days?
As a driver or even as a car owner, knowing your vehicle’s plate number will lead to knowing your car coding days. After all the days when your car is coded depends on the last digit of your plate number. In particular, it is especially important to remember as it determines the day when you should avoid using it to avoid violating the number coding days. Plate numbers that end with 1 and 2 are not allowed to travel on certain roads every Monday. The same policy applies on plate numbers 3 and 4 every Tuesday, 5 and 6 every Wednesday, 7 and 8 every Thursday, and 9 and 0 every Friday.
Summary
As a driver or car owner, it is imperative to be aware of your vehicle’s plate number, especially the last digit, as well as the coding rules and regulations. This will help you avoid the inconvenience of settling hefty coding violations fees and penalties. It is also important to avoid using your car on days when it is coded to avoid having to face unnecessary troubles when renewing your driver’s license later on. Plus, it pays to know the coding violations fees in advance so you can avoid getting tricked if you’re ever faced with a coding violation later on. After all, a lot of enforcers tend to want to make profit out of most everything, thanks to the corrupt system which is effective in many places in the country.
In recent years, the rally towards the reduction of carbon footprint and air pollutants have become more intense not only in the Philippines but on a global scale. Electric vehicles have also started to become more advanced and more popular. Gasoline vehicles, on the other hand, have been more strictly regulated, with the additional inspection and emission testing requirements before they can be registered.
In the Philippines, the Land Transportation Office (LTO), has shown its support to the implementation of the Clean Air Act or R.A. 8749 by mandating motor vehicles to undergo emission testing. If you are a vehicle owner, you’re probably already wondering how much it would set you back. In this article, you can learn more about emission testing as well as the emission testing price in the Philippines.
Emission testing refers to the mandatory test required as part of the car’s registration in the Philippines. It is usually done upon the renewal of the car’s registration, and is required at the LTO. This test measures the level of fumes or pollutants like hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and other emissions released from the exhaust manifold of a vehicle.
The emission test is required by the LTO in a bid to support the campaign to lessen the harmful pollutants in the air. In order to do so, car owners are mandated to get their vehicle tested. Only when the vehicle has been issued a Certificate of Emission Compliance (CEC) for Passed Testing will it be allowed to process a registration renewal.
Emission Testing Centers, Price, and Procedures
Because the LTO requires it, millions of cars in the Philippines are expected to go seek for emission testing services. To address the need, numerous emission testing centers are established nationwide.
It is at these centers where the emission testing process takes place. The process makes use of a cutting-edge digital exhaust-measuring system. The OBD-II scanner, which collects essential data from your car, is handled by a skilled technician.
Procedures
Before you can get your car checked, the first thing to do is contact your preferred private emission testing center (PETC). Once you have an appointment, you can head straight and start the process.
To accurately measure the quality of the car’s exhaust gasses, particularly the levels of Hydrocarbons and CO2 emitted, the technician uses a specialized sensor inserted into the vehicle’s exhaust system. Once the preparations are complete, the technician starts the car and revs it to a predetermined RPM, effectively replicating real-life driving conditions. Once the test machine successfully records the necessary readings, then it means that the evaluation has been completed.
Pricing
Getting your car monitored for the harmful gasses they release does come with a price. The price of emission testing in the Philippines typically ranges from Php 430.00 to Php 600.00, however, some netizens from Bulacan claim to have had the same service at Php 200.00 to Php 250.00 or Php 300.00
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
For your reference, here are some questions and answers related to emission testing and its price:
1. Are PETCs and Motor Vehicle Inspection Centers (MVIC) the same?
No. PETCs or Private Emission Testing Centers are places where emission testing is conducted. On the other hand, MVICs or Motor Vehicle Inspection Centers refer to the place where the entire performance of a vehicle is checked.
2. Is it necessary to get both the emission test and inspection done before renewing your motor vehicle registration?
No. It’s not necessary to do both. However, motorists still need to secure either a CEC from emission testing centers or an MVIR from private motor vehicle inspection centers (PMVICs) as a requirement for vehicle registration renewal.
3. What are the requirements for car emission testing?
If you are coming in to get the emission test done for your motor vehicles, you will need the following:
Photocopy of your car’s official receipt (OR)
Photocopy of your car’s certificate of registration (CR)
Enough money to cover the emission testing price
4. How long does it take to complete a car emission test?
A quick and efficient motor vehicle emission test typically lasts only 10 to 15 minutes. However, sometimes, it does take longer depending on factors like failed emission test due to the following:
inadequate maintenance
worn spark plugs
dirty air filter
inefficient combustion
severe engine problem due to gasket leaks
cracked engine block
cracked cylinder head
cracked piston
cracked camshaft
alterations that affect the air/fuel mixture
higher emissions
un-calibrated emission testing machines
negligent technicians
5. Do I need to drive around before the emissions test?
Yes. You need to warm your car up before the emission test. After all, warmer engines are more likely to pass the emissions test. Having said that, you need to make sure to drive for a while before you arrive at the testing center. The rule of thumb is to drive around for at least half an hour to a full hour prior to the test. A mix of city and highway driving will give you the best results. The best way to do it is to drive around for about 15 minutes at city speeds (between 30-45 MPH) then to drive for another 15 minutes at highway speeds (55-70 MPH) for the best results. This way, your vehicle’s engine will reach the right operating temperature and will be running efficiently during the test.
Summary
Getting an emission test done on your car is mandatory in the Philippines. Not only does it help control the pollutants in the air caused by your car in accordance with the Clean Air Act, but it also helps get your vehicle inspected for potential damages that causes excessive emission of hazardous substances. The emission limits may vary between car types, but each has its own threshold as mandated by the Clean Air Act. When you go for your vehicle’s mandatory emission testing, make sure that you have not only the necessary requirements but also the necessary funds to pay the emission testing price. After all, if you do not come prepared, you might end up having to come back for it which is even more taxing than going for the emission test itself.
If you’re preparing to take and pass the actual LTO Written exam to get your driver’s license here in the Philippines, then learning about the road and traffic rules imposed by the Land Transportation Office (LTO) via this LTO online exam reviewer is a big help for you. Accessible on your computer, tablet, or smartphone device, you can simply bookmark it on your device to review just about everything you need to remember before you go in to take the actual LTO exam.
Keep the knowledge on the different aspects of driving and road safety fresh in your short-term memory right before the exam or by trying your hand at this LTO online exam reviewer below.
Pratice with this LTO exam reviewer and check your answers using the answer key provided. Just make sure to answer everything first before you check the answers to see how well you’ll do in the actual LTO written exam.
Emergencies
What to do during driving emergencies such as mechanical failures and accidents.
1. What should you do in case your vehicle breaks down on an expressway? Check all that apply.
A. Open your trunk and hood
B. Stand on the expressway and flag down passing drivers for help
C. Call for help using a mobile phone or an expressway phone
D. Park as far to the right as possible
E. Put your hazard warning light on
2. What will happen when your front tire blows out?
A. The back end will sway towards the side of the blowout
B. The back end will sway away from the blowout
C. The front end will pull towards the side of the blowout
D. The front end will pull to the opposite side of the blowout
3. What should you do when an ambulance comes up behind you flashing red lights and/or sounding its siren?
A. Stop as soon as you can
B. Maintain your speed, let the ambulance driver will find a way around you
C. Speed up so that you don’t hold the ambulance
D. Pull over to the right and slow down or even stop if necessary
4. While driving the hood of your car lifts up blocking your vision. What should you do? Check all that apply.
A. Look through the gap underneath the hood or out of the side window
B. Brake suddenly so you don’t leave the road
C. Pull to the side of the road and refasten the hood
D. Turn your headlights on and look out of the side window
5. In case of an accident, the first duty of the driver involved is to:
A. pick-up the injured person and take him to the nearest hospital
B. report the accident to the nearest hospital
C. report the accident to the nearest police station
6. When a vehicle starts to skid, what should the driver do?
A. Immediately step on the brakes
B. Hold firmly on to the wheel while slowing down the vehicle
C. Turn the wheels tp the opposite the direction of the skid
7. In case of injuries caused by an accident, the duty of the uninjured driver is to:
A. call a physician
B. keep the victim lying down
C. try to determine who is at fault
8. What will happen when your rear tire blows out?
A. The back end will sway towards the side of the blowout
B. The back end will sway away from the blowout
C. The front end will pull towards the side of the blowout
D. The front end will pull to the opposite side of the blowout
9. When a vehicle is stalled or disabled, the driver must park the vehicle on the shoulder of the road and:
A. switch on the parking light
B. install the early warning device
C. switch on the parking light and install the Early Warning Device to the front and rear of the motor vehicle
10. If you are the first to arrive at the scene of an accident, which of the following should you do:
A. mind your own business
B. offer all reasonable assistance
C. move past the accident scene to avoid traffic build up
General Knowledge
Basic driving knowledge every motorist should know.
1. As per RA 4136, the brakes on every vehicle (other than a motorcycle) must:
A. consist of a good foot and hand brake
B. consist of a good foot break that works as intended
C. consist of brake fluid at all times
2. What is not a good trait of a driver?
A. Driving recklessly and under the influence of alcohol
B. Driving while listening to music
C. Driving fast on a highway
3. A safe speed to drive your car under adverse conditions depends on:
A. authorized speed limit
B. your driving style
C. the vehicle type
4. Night driving is dangerous because:
A. street lights tend to blur your vision
B. more vehicles are on the road at night
C. the distance we can see ahead is reduced
5. What habit will help you prevent getting a fixed-stare and resist distraction?
A. Looking at the ground
B. Moving your eyes regularly by looking near and far
C. Gauging another car’s speed
6. Seatbelts must be worn by children aged:
A. 5 years and above
B. 7 years and above
C. 6 years and above
7. Which of the following is the maximum speed limit on expressway for cars?
A. 60 kph
B. 80 kph
C. 100 kph
8. Graft and corruption in the traffic enforcement system can be eliminated by:
A. understanding the road and traffic rules and regulations
B. understanding the road and traffic rules and regulations
C. self discipline by drivers and obeying traffic rules and regulations
9. Eating, drinking, reading, or doing anything that may take your attention from driving is:
A. never allowed
B. allowed if you have a professional driver’s license
C. allowed as long as you can handle it
10. Before a private motor vehicle owner can apply for a DOT franchise, the motor vehicle must be registered with the:
A. Constabulary Highway Patrol Group
B. Philippine Motors Association
C. Land Transportation Office (LTO)
11. According to the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (R.A. No. 8749)
A. All road users have the right to breathe clean air.
B. Every citizen must strive for their right to breathe clean air.
C. Every citizen has the right to breathe clean air.
12. To avoid suspension or revocation, how many days must a driver with an apprehended license settle his case with LTO?
A. within 15 days
B. within 10 days
C. within 30 days
13. To have one’s driver’s license suspended means to:
A. have it revalidated by the LTO
B. have it taken away permanently by the LTO
C. have it taken temporarily by the LTO
14. To obtain one’s driver’s license, one must be at least:
A. 16 years old
B. 17 years old
C. 18 years old
15. A pre-trip inspection should be completed:
A. before and after operating the motor vehicle
B. after operating the motor vehicle
C. before operating the motor vehicle
Handling & Driving
The know-hows of driving the optimal way.
1. It is not considered safe driving on an expressway when:
A. driver is driving at 80kph
B. driver is driving at 60kph
C. driver keep changing lanes without signaling
2. When you do not see the wheels of the vehicles in front of you, should you do?
A. Slow down and get back to a safer following distance
B. Turn your fog light on
C. Increase your speed until it becomes visible
3. Your speed while driving at night should keep on:
A. the distance that you can see where you come to a complete stop within the distance that your headlights can light up.
B. the speed since you have enough lighting anyways
C. a slow speed to avoid road crash
4. When driving at night, you should:
A. decrease your speed
B. drink coffee so you won’t fall asleep
C. always turn your headlights on
5. How close should another car be before you dim your headlights?
A. 150 meter
B. 100 meter
C. 200 meters
6. If you are backing up in a straight line, turn and look behind and over your shoulder at:
A. right
B. left and right
C. left
7. The blind spot is the area to your right or left that you do not see in the side view mirror, what will you do before you back up?
A. look at the rearview mirror
B. get out of the vehicle and scout the area behind you first
C. turn your head to see that the way is clear
8. At an intersection with traffic signals, if you (car A) are not in the proper lane to make a right or left turn you should:
A. continue ahead and find a u-turn
B. just continue ahead
C. continue to make the turn
9. When approaching a flooded area and you have to go through it, what should you do?
A. Increase your speed so you get through immediately
B. Maintain your speed as most have water insulation anyways
C. Proceed at a very slow speed
10. While driving with maximum speed and you have to stop suddenly, you should:
A. apply your brakes heavily with steady pressure
B. apply your foot and hand brakes gently with steady pressure
C. apply your brakes gently with steady pressure
11. On a wet road, you must:
A. maintain speed
B. slow down
C. increase speed
12. When planning to overtake a slower vehicle in front of you at night, you should:
A. bow your horn so he gets alerted
B. flick your dimmer, switch two or three times to signify your intention to the driver of the vehicle that you intend to overtake
C. put hazard lights on so he knows you’re about to overtake
13. You are preparing to exit an expressway, when should you start reducing speed?
A. immediately before entering the deceleration lane
B. immediately upon entering the deceleration lane
C. immediately upon spotting the deceleration lane
14. While driving with a maximum speed and you have to stop suddenly, you should:
A. apply your brakes gently with steady pressure
B. apply your hand brakes gently with steady pressure
C. apply your brakes abruptly with hard pressure
15. When driving on mountain roads during daytime, you should:
A. blow your horn every 15 seconds
B. blow your horn whenever you sense an oncoming vehicle
C. blow your horn when approaching a blind curve
Parking
Rules and restrictions relating to vehicle parking in the Philippines.
1. What light shall be used when vehicles are parked on the highway at night?
A. Headlight
B. Parking lights or lower-beam headlights
C. Signal lights
2. When loading or unloading passengers, we usually stop at the:
A. right side of the road nearest the sidewalk
B. middle of the road
C. intersection
3. If you are parking uphill without a curb, turn the wheels towards the:
A. edge of the street
B. other side of the street
C. middle of the street
4. A driver ________ park or stop at the side of the road within 6 meters of a crosswalk because it reduces the visibility of pedestrians to other drivers.
A. should not
B. is capable
C. is allowed
5. Whenever you park, remember to:
A. shift the gear to neutral
B. turn off the engine and engage the handbrake
C. close the windows
6. Never park or stop at the side of the road with a fire hydrant, you may only park with a distance of at least:
A. 3 meters
B. 4 meters
C. 5 meters
7. The vehicle is parked if:
A. the vehicle is stationary and remains inactive in a place for an appreciable period of time
B. The vehicle is not moving while loading passengers in
C. The vehicle is not moving while unloading passengers
8. When parking downhill, you should turn your front wheels:
A. toward the curb of the sidewalk
B. away from the curb
C. any direction will do
9. When you are parked at the side of the road at night, you must:
A. warn others by turning on your 4 way emergency flashers
B. be sure to stay awake and ready to move
C. warn others by turning on your headlights
10. A driver must not park or stop at the side of the road with a “STOP SIGN” or a traffic control signal because it reduces visibility for other drivers, especially when it is within:
A. 4 meters
B. 5 meters
C. 6 meters
11. Parking lights may be used:
A. at anytime
B. for parking and when visibility is poor
C. when driving on a well-lighted streets
12. You may never park:
A. on a crosswalk
B. on a one-way street
C. within 5-meters of a fire-hydrant
13. Parking is considered as a violation when a motor vehicle:
A. parks at the entrance and exit of hospital and fire stations
B. parks at the entrance and exit of an industrial establishment
C. parks at the entrance and exit of a residential establishment
14. What is considered as a parking violation?
A. parking in a one-way street
B. parking without hazard lights on
C. parking within 5 meters from a signalized intersection
15. When are you permitted to double park?
A. Never
B. When the street or road is wide enough
C. When you have no other option
Road Position
Where you should position your vehicle while driving.
1. On a two-lane road, overtaking is only allowed only at the:
A. left lane
B. both right and left lanes
C. right lane
2. Which of the following hand signals must a driver give when he wants to slow down and stop?
A. Left arm is bent at elbow, hand pointing up
B. Left arm held straight in horizontal position
C. Left arm held down and hand pointing at ground
3. When oncoming vehicle (car A) deliberately crosses the centerline to pass another vehicle, you (car B) should be:
A. alert and be ready to slow down or stop if necessary
B. blow your horn so he’s alerted
C. maintain your speed
4. When two vehicles meet on a gradient road where neither cars pass, which of the two must yield?
A. The vehicle going downhill
B. The vehicle going uphill
C. The vehicle that honks its horn first
5. When driving on the highway at night, you should use low beam headlights (dim lights) when:
A. another driver dims his lights
B. blinded by the headlights of an approaching vehicle
C. all of the above
6. Keeping one’s distance lessens the risk of accident. One good rule is to leave a car length or:
A. 3-second rule
B. 4-second rule
C. 2-second rule
7. It is not a safe place to overtake in an/a:
A. intersection and when approaching a bridge or a curve
B. high speed road
C. two lane road
8. The proper hand signal for right turn is:
A. left arm bent at elbow, hand pointing up
B. left arm held straight in horizontal position
C. left arm held down and hand pointing at ground
9. The safest thing to do even if you have the rights of using the road is:
A. don’t force your rights
B. horn
C. force your rights
10. If the vehicle’s headlight in front of you is blinding your eyes, what should you do?
A. Quickly look on the right side of the road
B. Look at the glaring light
C. Put your headlight on high also
11. Upon approaching an intersection marked with a “Yield” sign, you are required to:
A. stop before entering the intersection
B. enter the intersection immediately
C. slow down then enter the intersection when it is clear
12. If you are driving in the wrong lane, what must you do to make a turn as you enter an intersection?
A. Make the turn as quickly as possible
B. Brake or clutch while turning so you won’t overspeed
C. Look behind on both sides and see if it is safe to change lane and make the turn
13. Using the shoulder of the road pass to the right of a car ahead of you is:
A. allowed if you are turning right
B. allowed if the car ahead is turning left
C. against the law
14. In a roundabout (rotunda), which has road rights?
A. The vehicles facing the yellow light
B. The vehicles already in the roundabout
C. The vehicles approaching the roundabout
15. If the driver is turning left, he must: (U-turn / Left Rule)
A. have the right of way
B. do so slowly with caution
C. yield to approaching cars
Signs & Markings
Road signs, lane markings and other road markings.
1. You may not cross a single broken white or yellow line:
A. when turning left into a driveway
B. when passing to the right on a one-way street
C. when to do so would interfere with traffic
2. Which of the following best describes the picture?
A. Wide road ahead
B. Narrow road ahead
C. Slippery road
3. What is the meaning of a blinking yellow traffic light?
A. Stop and stay until light stops flashing
B. Slow down and proceed with caution
C. Wait for the green light
4. Signs that are round, rectangular with white and blue background are called:
A. warning signs
B. informative signs
C. regulatory signs
5. What is the meaning of a traffic sign that has circle, octagon or reverse triangle with red color?
A. Warning
B. Giving direction
C. Compulsory
6. Single broken line on a two-lane road means:
A. the speed limit is 80kph
B. you cannot overtake
C. it separates traffic moving in opposite directions
7. Which of the following best describes the picture?
A. Slippery road
B. Road construction
C. Broken road
8. Which of the following best describes the picture?
A. Intersection warning
B. Train cannot pass
C. Train track
9. When do you have a complete/full stop?
A. at a flashing yellow traffic light
B. at a green traffic light
C. at a red traffic light
10. What does this sign indicate?
A. You may travel beyond 30 kph
B. You must limit your speed to 30 kph
C. The distance to the next town is 30 kph
11. What is the meaning of a traffic sign that has a triangle with red color?
A. Warning sign
B. Reminder sign
C. Information sign
12. Which of the following best describes the picture?
A. No entry
B. Give way
C. Stop
13. The signal warns of a hazard ahead:
A. circle
B. diamond
C. triangle
14. Which of the following best describes the picture?
A. Dangerous curve on the left side
B. Dangerous curve on the right side
C. Intersection warning
15. Which of the following best describes the picture?
A. Slippery road
B. Steep road
C. Broken road
Violations & Penalties
What happens if you commit a driving offense.
1. It refers to an act penalizing a person under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs, and similar substances, and for other purposes.
A. R.A. no. 10586
B. R.A. no. 10585
C. R.A. no. 10584
2. It shall mean that the LEO has reasonable ground to believe that the person driving the motor vehicle is under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or other similar substances upon personally witnessing a traffic offense committed.
A. improbable cause
B. probable cause
C. likely cause
3. Operating a public utility vehicle equipped with stereo-music is punishable by:
A. a fine of Php 1,000
B. revocation of the license and registration certificate
C. imprisonment of the driver and operator for six months
4. The motor vehicle plate and driver’s license may be confiscated by any authorized LTO agent when the vehicle being operated is found to be:
A. unsafe, unsightly, defective and dilapidated
B. painted with color not approved by LTO
C. inefficient
5. When a driver of PUV refuses to render service, convey passengers, such violation is penalize with:
A. fine of ₱1, 000
B. fine of ₱2, 000
C. fine of ₱3, 000
6. You were apprehended because you were engaged in car racing while driving in a super highway, what traffic violation did you commit?
A. Reckless driving
B. Gambling
C. Overspeeding
7. A type of field sobriety test that requires the driver to walk heel-to-toe along a straight line for nine (9) steps, turn at the end and return to the point of origin without any difficulty. What is this test called?
A. The Cat-walk Test
B. The Walk of Shame Test
C. The Walk-and-turn
8. Driving with a fake license is prohibited and is punishable by:
A. Not more than 6 months of imprisonment
B. Php 2,000.00 fine
C. Php 3,000.00 fine with 12-month suspension of driver’s license
9. A driver found to have been driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or other similar substances, as provided for under section 5 of this Act, shall be penalized if the violation did not result in physical injuries or homicide with:
A. six (6) months imprisonment, and a fine ranging from twenty thousand pesos (₱20,000.00) to eighty thousand pesos (₱80,000.00)
B. twelve (12) months imprisonment, and a fine ranging from twenty thousand pesos (₱20,000.00) to eighty thousand pesos (₱80,000.00)
C. three (3) months imprisonment, and a fine ranging from twenty thousand pesos (₱20,000.00) to eighty thousand pesos (₱80,000.00)
10. The penalty of driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol for the first offense:
A. non-professional driver’s license shall be confiscated and suspended for a period of twelve (6) months upon final conviction by a regular court
B. non-professional driver’s license shall be confiscated and suspended for a period of twelve (12) months upon final conviction by a regular court
C. non-professional driver’s license shall be confiscated and suspended for a period of twelve (24) months upon final conviction by a regular court
11. It refers to the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood.
A. blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
B. blood alcohol count (BAC)
C. blood alcohol intake (BAI)
12. If the driver is using a motor vehicle in committing a crime and is convicted, his driver’s license shall be:
A. revokes and will pay a fine
B. confiscated and will pay fine
C. suspended and will pay fine
13. For drivers of trucks, buses, motorcycles and public utility vehicles, a BAC level of more than _____ shall be conclusive proof that said driver is driving under the influence of alcohol.
A. 0.20%
B. 0.00%
C. 0.30%
14. The owner of a privately registered motor vehicle to be utilized for hire in the carriage of cargoes or passengers is penalized by:
A. a fine of P2,000 and confiscation of vehicle plates
B. a fine of P300
C. confiscation of motor vehicle plates
15. You were flagged down due to the noisy muffler of your motorcycle, what will you do?
A. Bribe the traffic enforcer
B. Reinstall the stock muffler of your motorcycle
C. Pay the violation fee
To check how well you did in the mock exam using this LTO Online Exam Reviewer, you may check the correct answers using this Answer Key.
Download LTO Online Exam Reviewer PDF
You can download and use this LTO Online Exam Reviewer PDF file to practice and increase your chances of passing the LTO written exam on your first take by clicking this link.
Summary
With this reviewer, you can practice preparing for the LTO written exams, regardless if it’s for the Non-Professional Driver’s License (NPDL) or for the Professional Driver’s License (PDL). Just make sure you can hit the passing scores required by the Land Transportation Office (LTO) for the license type you are applying for.
