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LTO Exam Guide and How to Pass

Taking and passing the exam given by the Land Transportation Office (LTO) are the first steps to getting a driver’s license and becoming a responsible driver in the Philippines. It may seem like a hassle, but it really is given with good intentions: To ensure that you know what it means and how to be a good driver who values safety on the road.

Before you get yourself a license, you need to pass the LTO’s driving exam. This exam has two parts: a written examination and an actual driving test.

If you’re ready to secure your Non-professional Driver’s License, here’s a quick guide that we’ve put together to help you prepare and teach you how to pass the LTO exam.

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Understanding the LTO Exam

Owning a car isn’t enough to be able to drive on public roads. In fact, you still have tons of stuff you need to do, including:

Enrolling in a proper driving school
Getting a student driver’s permit;
Getting a non-professional driver’s license—the proper license you need if you’ll be driving a private vehicle.

Quite an adventure, you say? It’s not quite as simple. You will also need to secure a medical certificate, enroll in a Theoretical Driving Course (TDC), get a TDC certificate, get your student driver’s permit, enroll in a Practical Driving Course (PDC), get a PDC certificate, and pass the LTO exams before you can get ahold of that precious steering wheel on your own.

While you won’t need to take the LTO exams to secure a student driver’s permit, graduating from this to secure your Non-Professional driver’s license will require passing the LTO exam. After all, you have to make sure you are totally ready to drive by passing a ‘final’ exam, just like every other student out there.

Also Read: How to Get LTO Student Permit License in the Philippines

How to Pass the LTO exam

To help you get through the exam, here are some of the things you’ll need:

Pre-Examination: Preparing for the LTO exam

Step 1: Review for the written exams.

As mentioned earlier, there are two exams that you will need to go through and pass—the written exam and the driving exam.

To prepare for the written exam, it’s best to check the LTO exam reviewers you received after getting your student driver’s permit as well as the other available resources online. This is so you will have an idea about the type of questions included in the written exam.

You may:

Use the online resources from LTO.

You may check the Land Transportation Management System (LTMS) website’s E-Learning section. Even if you’re not logged in to the portal, you can still access some, if not all, of the online learning modules available there.

Use Third-Party Materials

Aside from the LTMS e-learning modules, there are other third-party resources that exist online or otherwise. You may either get some from your driving school (if you attended one) or online, by running a quick search for LTO reviewers or mock exams.

Check the video resources online.

Hated reading? You can simply go through the videos, via the LTMS or by looking at bite-sized videos posted online, either on Youtube or Tiktok.

Do your own research, especially on LTO driving licenses.

If you are as keen as you claim to be, it won’t hurt to take it a step further by doing more than just reading through the LTO reviewers. You could also brush up on the essentials that you have previously learned from the driving school or from whoever you learned driving from.

Step 2. Practice driving.

As mentioned, the LTO exam comes with a practical driving exam where you would need to show off your actual driving skills in a simulated public road environment. Now that you’ve already reviewed for the written exam, you need to make sure that you are also comfortable in driving alone in traffic while following the street signs and symbols. You must also learn how to park properly in order to pass the driving test.

Test Proper

Step 1: Taking the LTO written exam.

If you prepare well, then you’ll have no problems taking the written exams. Just make sure you read every word, understand all the questions, and take your time answering them. Some questions may be tricky too, so make sure you always pick the best answer.

The LTO Written Exam

The LTO written exam is a randomized multiple-choice exam divided into six different subjects, including:

General Driving Knowledge

This includes defensive driving, proper techniques, road safety, stress management, driving rules, licenses, and maintenance.

Parking

This covers everything you need to know about parking for safety as well as the rules and restrictions relating to vehicle parking in the Philippines.

Driving Emergencies

In this part, aspiring drivers are tested for their knowledge of road emergencies, including what to do when involved in mechanical failures and accidents.

Handling & Driving

This includes the know-hows of driving the optimal way, including the rights and responsibilities of drivers on the road, common regulatory rules, traffic signs and signals, and making sure that your vehicle’s documents are up-to-date and in order.

Road Signs & Lane Markings

This test ensures that you know your way around traffic signs, signals, and pavement markings. This also ensures that you know enough of the regulatory signs such as no U-turn, no right turn, or left turn not only to pass the exam but also to ensure both yours and others’ safety on the road.

Road Position

The test will definitely include information about right of way and everything else about where you should position your vehicle while driving.

Written Exam Passing Scores

The passing score requirements for the written exam vary as follows:

For those who are seeking the Non-professional driver’s license (NPDL), you need to score at least 30 correct answers out of 40 questions (30/40).
Those who are looking to get the Professional driver’s license (PDL) need at least 45 correct answers out of 60 questions (45/60).

Written Exam Results: Pass or Fail?

There are tell-tale signs to know for sure whether you passed or failed the LTO written exam.

If you pass, your name will be called and you will be ushered to the venue for the practical driving test.
If you fail, you will be asked to re-enter the exam room for more information about how to take it again after a month. This includes having to go through everything—from the application process to the photo and signature-taking and written exams—all over again.

Step 2: Taking the LTO Driving Test

After passing the written exam, then it’s time for the LTO driving test. Here’s what you need to know about it.

LTO Actual Driving Test

When it’s time to take the LTO driving test, the very first thing you need is to decide how you’re going to take the test and the vehicle you would use.

Vehicle options

Here are your options:

LTO vehicle

LTO has vehicles that you can rent for Php 250.00 when you take your driving test. It’s a practical choice since you don’t need to make any other arrangements. The only downside is, you might be unfamiliar with the vehicle so it may take a while to be comfortable driving it.

Driving school

If you’ve taken either the TDC or the PDC from a driving school, you may actually take the practical driving exam from there. You have the option to use your assigned vehicle with your school coach at the back while the examiner sits in front.

Your own car

If you had a licensed adult who drove you off to LTO on your own can, then you may simply use it for the practical driving test. This way, you can drive a vehicle you’re comfortable with and save Php 250.00 at the same time.

Exam Duration

For the actual driving test, you will be asked to drive in a designated driving course, from 15 minutes to an hour, depending on how you drive.

Passing Score

To pass the practical driving test, you need to at least score 70 out of 100. You should receive instant feedback and result right after the test.

Post LTO Exam: After the Practical Driving Test for an LTO driver’s license

Once you pass the LTO exams, from the written test to the practical driving test, you will only need to wait for the approval of your license application before it is released along with the official receipt.

Important Reminders

When taking the LTO exam, here are some things you need to remember:

Don’t rush. Whether it’s for the written or the practical driving exam, it’s very important to take your time and think to avoid mishaps.
Bring all the documents you need to avoid going back and forth when you go for your LTO exams.
You need to pass both the written and practical exams to get your license. If you don’t pass either or both of the tests, then you can retake them after a month.
If you fail your LTO exams on your second try, then you will need to wait for a year.
If you fail on your third attempt at the LTO exam, then you will need to wait for two years before you can retake the test.
It’s best to go for an LTO exam during non-peak working days, from Tuesday to Thursday.
Be polite to your examiner. Greet him or her, introduce yourself, and always listen to the instructions.
Practice reverse parking. You may be asked to do this, or at the very least, you may have to do this when returning your rental car to its place.
Don’t be overconfident. Be cautious at all times, regardless if it’s during the weitten or the driving test.
Don’t use fixers. It’s dishonest, risky, and costly compared when you do it by yourself.

Video: How to Pass the LTO Exams

For tips on how to successfully pass your LTO exams, watch this explainer video uploaded by Assistance Philippines Portal and Wander J on Youtube:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Here are some common questions and answers regarding the LTO exams.

1. What is the passing score in the LTO exam?

For the written exam, the passing score for non-professional driver exam is 30 out of 40; while for professional driver exam it is 45 out of 60. For the practical driving test, you need a rating of at least 70 out of 100 to pass.

2. How can I pass the LTO exam?

To pass the LTO exam, you will need to pass both the written exam and the practical driving test in one go.

3. How many questions are there in the LTO written exam?

The number of questions in the LTO written exam may vary depending on the type of license you want to secure. For those taking the test for the Non-professional Driver’s License (NPDL), there are 40 questions, whereas there are 60 questions for those who are taking the Professional Driver’s License (PDL) exam.

4. What is the written test for a driver’s license about?

The LTO written test is consists of multiple choice questions about road, signs, driving practices, parking, and traffic rules and regulations in the Philippines.

5. Is there a practical exam for those who are securing a Non-Professional Driver’s License (NPDL)?

Yes. Aside from the written or theoretical examination, there is an actual driving test that you need to pass to be able to get a Non-Professional Driver’s License (NPDL).

6. Can I retake the LTO exams if I fail?

Yes. If it’s your first try, you may retake the LTO exam one month after failing either or both written and actual driving tests. If you fail on your second attempt, you’ll have to wait for one year to reapply. If, on your third try, you still fail to pass the written or driving test, then you’ll have to wait for two years before you can reapply.

7. What are the topics covered by the LTO written exam?

The questions are conveniently broken into six different sections, including:

Signs and markings
Parking
Emergencies
Road position
Violations and penalties
General knowledge
Handing and driving

8. Should I enroll in a driving school or not?

This is a decision that the driver’s license applicants are free to make. However, many LTO examiners have observed that applicants who passed the written test initially studied in driving schools, so if you want to up your chances of passing it, then it would be a good idea to enroll in a reputable or accredited driving school first.

Summary

Getting a driver’s license, be it a Non-Professional or a Professional Driver’s License, entails a lot of things which includes taking and passing the LTO exams. With this guide, we hope you can pass the LTO exams on your first take and avoid the hassle of having to reapply all over again.

What is TNVS? Transportation Network Vehicle Service

TNVS, otherwise known as the Transportation Network Vehicle Service, is a revolutionary mode of transportation that has recently taken center stage, thanks to the efficient and innovative way it transformed the way people commute. It’s also a ride-hailing service offered by the Transportation Network Company (TNC) via the private vehicles registered under them. In essence, TNVS refers to the specific service offered within a TNC platform for drivers and their vehicles. The distinction is important, especially in regulatory contexts, as regulations may apply to both TNCs and TNVS separately.

All Transportation Network Vehicle Service (TNVS) operate through smartphone applications managed by TNCs in order to connect passengers with accredited private vehicles and drivers. Popular platforms like Grab and Uber (now merged with Grab), as well as Angkas, Joyride and MoveIt have all become household names, providing Filipinos with a reliable means of transportation at their fingertips. This innovative system has transformed the way people commute, offering options towards convenient and efficient alternatives to traditional taxis.

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What is TNVS Meaning?

TNVS or Transportation Network Vehicle Service (TNVS) refers to the innovative ride-hailing system offered by Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) in the country. There are different kinds of TNVS, ranging from Grab which offers car and taxi services as well as Angkas and Joyride which offers motorcycle rides.

All TNVS operate using smartphone applications, making it easy for passengers to find drivers who are willing to drive them to wherever they want to go.

TNVS vs TNC

Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) and Transportation Network Vehicle Services (TNVS) are closely related terms often used in the context of the evolving transportation industry, particularly in the ride-hailing sector. They are, however, quite different from each other. TNC is a broader term encompassing the entire platform or company, while TNVS is a specific service within that platform involving drivers and their vehicles.

Transportation Network Company (TNC) refers to the company or platform that connects passengers with drivers using a digital network. It is the TNCs that provide the technological infrastructure, such as mobile applications, that enables users to request rides and drivers to accept those requests. On the other hand, Transportation Network Vehicle Service (TNVS) refers to the specific service or category of vehicles that operate under a TNC. In many cases, TNVS drivers are individuals who register with TNCs to use their personal vehicles to offer transportation services.

Benefits

The rise of Transportation Network Vehicle Services (TNVS) has brought about several benefits, reshaping the transportation landscape in various ways:

1. Convenience

TNVS platforms provide a convenient and user-friendly way for passengers to request rides through mobile applications. This eliminates the need to hail taxis on the street, offering a seamless and efficient booking process.

2. Accessibility

TNVS increases accessibility to transportation services, especially in areas where traditional taxis might be scarce. Passengers can easily access rides in both urban and suburban areas, contributing to improved mobility.

3. Safety and Security

TNVS platforms enhance passenger safety by providing information about the driver and the vehicle before the ride. This transparency helps build trust between passengers and drivers, fostering a sense of security during the journey.

4. Flexible Employment

TNVS has created opportunities for individuals to earn income through flexible employment. Drivers can choose their working hours, making it a viable option for those seeking part-time or supplementary income.

5. Reduced Cash Transactions

TNVS transactions are primarily cashless, reducing the risks associated with carrying cash during rides. This cashless system adds a layer of security for both passengers and drivers.

6. Quality of Service

TNVS platforms often have rating systems for both drivers and passengers. This encourages good behavior, maintains service quality, and creates accountability within the system.

7. Fair Pricing

TNVS often employs transparent and upfront pricing models. Passengers can see the estimated fare before confirming the ride, avoiding potential fare disputes. This transparency contributes to a fair and predictable pricing structure.

8. Technological Advancements

TNVS leverages technological advancements, such as GPS tracking and real-time updates, improving the overall efficiency of the transportation service. Passengers can track their ride in real-time and receive timely updates.

9. Reduced Congestion

TNVS can contribute to reduced traffic congestion by optimizing routes and providing shared ride options. This can have positive environmental impacts and improve overall traffic flow in urban areas.

10. Innovation in Transportation

TNVS represents a significant innovation in the transportation industry, challenging traditional taxi services and encouraging continuous improvements in service quality and efficiency.

These benefits collectively make TNVS an attractive and popular choice for both passengers and drivers, contributing to the evolution of modern urban transportation.

How does TNVS Work

One key advantage of TNVS is the ease of use. Passengers can simply open the app, input their destination, and wait for a nearby driver to accept the ride request. This not only eliminates the hassle of flagging down a cab but also provides a sense of security as passengers receive information about the driver and vehicle beforehand.

For drivers, TNVS offers an opportunity for flexible employment. Many individuals opt for part-time or full-time driving, contributing to the growing gig economy. This flexibility has empowered countless Filipinos to earn a livelihood on their own terms, whether as a primary occupation or a supplementary source of income.

Fare Rates For Transportation Network Vehicle Services (TNVS)

According to Memorandum Circular 2019-036, the following matrix shows the TNVS fares as approved by the LTFRB:

	CAR SEDAN	PREMIUM AUV/SUV	HATCHBACK/SUB-COMPАСТ (>1200 cc.)
Flagdown	up to P40.00	up to P50.00	up to P30.00
Fare/km.	P15.00	P18.00	P13.00
Fare/minute of travel	P2.00	P2.00	P2.00
Surge (on B+C)	2x	2x	2x

Source: LTFRB

TNVS Fare Regulation

Thanks to the power vested in the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) by Executive Order No. 202 and Commonwealth Act 146, the agency has the authority to determine and fix fares—a crucial role that ensures fairness in TNVS fare regulations.

That said, despite having the Department Order No. 2015-011 granting TNCs fare-setting authority, the LTFRB gets the oversight role to prevent regulatory lapses. Fare rates for TNVS must then be authorized by the LTFRB, in order to strike a balance between fair compensation for service providers and protection against excessive charges.

Penalties

Grantees of Certificates of Public Convenience (CPC) for operating TNVS must adhere to the fare rates specified above, following the regulations of the Board, the provisions of the Public Service Law (C.A. 146), as amended, and meeting the requirements for public transport services.

Any failure to comply with the established fare rates approved by the LTFRB for TNVS vehicles will incur penalties in accordance with Joint Administrative Order No. 2014-001,—an LTFRB issuance which outlines the revised schedule of fines and penalties for violations of laws, rules, and regulations governing land transportation.

Challenges

The rise of TNVS, despite being well-accepted, has not been without challenges. Regulatory issues, fare disputes, and competition with traditional taxis have sparked debates within the transportation industry. The government even suspended some permits to operate as it struggled to implement guidelines and requirements to address these concerns, ensuring the safety and well-being of both drivers and passengers.

Despite the challenges, TNVS has undeniably reshaped the transportation landscape in the Philippines. It has become an integral part of urban life, offering a reliable and efficient way for people to move around the ever-expanding cities. As technology continues to advance, the future of TNVS holds promise for further improvements, making commuting even more convenient for all.

Future Plans for TNVS in the Philippines

The Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) in the Philippines is addressing the public demand for alternatives in the Transportation Network Vehicle Service (TNVS) industry. The LTFRB has accredited three new Transport Network Companies (TNCs) and is reviewing additional applicants. Six new ride-hailing apps are set to operate in Metro Manila, including GoLag, HirNa, Hype, Micab, OWTO, and U-Hop.

These new players are anticipated to positively impact TNVS services. Each app offers unique features such as extended services in multiple areas, 24/7 customer support, diverse booking methods, and innovative fare structures. The apps are poised to introduce exciting changes for online users, though some reservations persist, particularly regarding the use of taxi meters for fare calculation. The addition of an SMS booking feature is seen as favorable for offline commuters.

The future of TNVS in the Philippines holds promise with the introduction of these new players, expanding choices for users and potentially transforming the landscape of ride-hailing services.

Video: Guide to Working as a GRAB TNVS Driver

Interested in working as a TNVS Driver under any of the existing TNCs in the country? Watch this video from BTC Extreme and learn how

Summary

The Transportation Network Vehicle Service (TNVS) have long gained prominence in the Philippines, but the discussions related to the regulation and accreditation of these ride-hailing services have only been established recently. Government regulations have only recently outlined the requirements for vehicles and drivers operating under TNVS, ensuring safety standards and proper licensing.

Nevertheless, the presence of TNVS, along with the TNVS drivers and vehicles, has indeed transformed urban transportation, providing efficient alternatives. With further improvements as technology evolves, commuting may be even more convenient, but for now, the safety standards and proper licensing in the TNVS sector should be enough.

Comprehensive Guide to Public Transport Services in the Philippines

In the Philippines, the public transport system is managed and organized by the Department of Transportation (DOTr) and the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB). These agencies employ a strategic approach, all of which are outlined in the Local Public Transport Route Plan (LPTRP) and the LTFRB Department Order No. 2017-011.

The LPTRP, in particular, refers to the plan detailing the route network, mode, and required number of units per mode for delivering public land transport services prepared by Local Government Units (LGUs) and approved by the DOTr and the LTFRB. As a matter of policy, and in accordance with the LPTRP, the various modes of public transportation follow the hierarchy of roads, prioritizing modes of transit with higher capacity modes in the allocation of Certificates of Public Convenience (CPC) and the establishment of transit right-of-way on trunk lines and main thoroughfares. The general rule also allows these higher capacity modes to routes currently traversed by lower capacity modes, but not otherwise. The said rule also excludes taxis, TNVS, tourist transport, and shuttles as they are door-to-door services.

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Overview of the Public Transport Service in the Philippines

In order to better understand this, we listed the different classes or types of public transport options available in the country, along with the subtypes and the routes or roads they are allowed into. These classifications reflect a commitment to efficiency and accessibility and are used as the basis for the issuance of CPCs and transit right-of-way. The guidelines are also designed to reduce the public’s reliance on private vehicle use and move toward environmentally-sound public mobility solutions via the development and promotion of high quality public transportation systems in the movement of people and goods, rather than vehicles. The LTFRB is tasked to implement these guidelines and to encourage and require the consolidation of operators and the establishment of bigger coordinated fleets of PUVs.

The guidelines outline national standards and international safety conventions for different classes of Public Utility Vehicles (PUVs). Emphasizing reliability, safety, accessibility, environmental friendliness, and comfort, the guidelines require PUVs to adhere to these standards throughout the country. Key safety measures include compliance with national standards, well-lit stops, fire extinguishers, speed limiters, CCTV installation, and the prohibition of tinted windshields and windows. Real-time information sharing through GPS receivers is encouraged for the benefit of both commuters and operators.

Types of Public Transport Service in the Philippines

The public transport systems in the Philippines are classified as follows:

Public Utility Buses (PUBs): Rolling Arteries of Urban Transit

Routes: Arterial roads, highways, expressways, and collector roads.
Services: Regular, Airconditioned, Express, P2P, Shuttle, Loop, Premium, Limited Stop.
Fare Collection: Distance or zonal as LTFRB authorizes.
Body Make: Coach with specified features.
Features: GNSS, Wi-Fi, CCTV, AFCS, compliance standards, lay-over/garage requirements.
Year Model: Chassis and engine must be current.

PUBs, ranging from regular to air-conditioned, express, point-to-point (P2P), shuttle, loop, premium, and limited stop services, dominate arterial roads, highways, expressways, and collector roads. With a meticulous focus on specifications, including coach design, features like GNSS receiver, free Wi-Fi, CCTV, and compliance with environmental standards, PUBs shape the backbone of urban mobility.

Mini-Buses: Tailored Transit for Specific Corridors

Routes: Arterial roads, highways, expressways, and collector roads.
Services: Regular, Airconditioned, Loop, Shuttle, Express.
Fare Collection: Distance or zonal as LTFRB authorizes.
Body Make: Mini-coach with specified features.
Features: GNSS, Wi-Fi, CCTV, AFCS, compliance standards, lay-over/garage requirements.
Year Model: Chassis and engine must be current.

Mini-buses, serving routes with passenger demand up to 5,000 passengers per hour per direction, cater to corridors where demand might not justify larger buses. These versatile vehicles, with options such as regular and air-conditioned services, operate along major roads and collector routes, ensuring efficient transit with features mirroring those of PUBs.

Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJs): Icons of Urban Mobility

Routes: Arterial, collector, local roads; not on EDSA or national highways.
Fare Collection: Distance or zonal as LTFRB authorizes.
Body Make: Vehicle below seven meters.
Features: GNSS, Wi-Fi, CCTV, AFCS, compliance standards, lay-over/garage requirements.
Year Model: As per LTFRB specifications.

Jeepneys, vibrant and cultural symbols, dominate urban commuting. Originally repurposed military jeeps, their unique designs reflect the creative spirit of Filipino culture. Jeepneys have been specifically designed for routes with passenger demand up to 1,000 passengers per hour per direction, making it a crucial feeder service linking communities via the city or municipal roads.

UV Express Services: Community Connectors

Specifically designed for routes with passenger demand up to 1,000 passengers per hour per direction, UV Express Services serve as crucial feeder services. While confined to city or municipal roads, they link neighborhoods and communities to mass transit lines, bus routes, and key areas. The emphasis on GNSS receivers, Wi-Fi, CCTV, and compliance with environmental standards ensures modernity in these traditional modes.

Tricycles: Navigating Local Terrain

Routes: Fixed routes within specified local areas.
Fare Collection: Distance or zonal as LTFRB authorizes.
Body Make: Motorcycle with sidecar. Three-wheeled.
Features: GNSS, AFCS, compliance standards, lay-over/garage requirements.
Year Model: As per franchise application.

Tricycles gracefully maneuver through narrow streets, providing personalized transport. Governed by Joint Memorandum Circular No. 1, series of 2008, tricycles are confined to city or municipal roads, avoiding national roads. They are limited to routes not covered by higher transport modes.

Filcab Service: Tricycle Replacement and Local Connectivity

Routes: Fixed routes within specified areas.
Fare Collection: Distance or zonal as LTFRB authorizes.
Body Make: Mini-Jitney/Multicab.
Features: GNSS, AFCS, compliance standards, lay-over/garage requirements.
Year Model: As per franchise application.

Targeting routes with a maximum demand of 500 passengers per hour per route, Filcab services act as replacements for tricycles in areas where their operations are restricted. Operating on fixed routes within specified areas, these mini-jitneys prioritize local connectivity while adhering to the LPTRP specifications and features.

School Services: Safe and Secure Student Transit

Route: School to residence with a valid contract.
Fare Collection: As authorized by LTFRB.
Body Make: Van, Mini-coach, coaster, or coach.
Features: GNSS, Wi-Fi, CCTV, speed limiter, compliance standards, lay-over/garage requirements.

Dedicated to school-to-residence routes subject to valid contracts or school authorization, school services encompass vans, mini-coaches, coasters, or coaches. With safety features such as front-facing seating arrangements, individual seat belts, and compliance with GNSS, Wi-Fi, CCTV, and emission standards, these services prioritize the well-being of students.

Taxis: Door-to-Door Contract-Based Transit

Operation: Door-to-door service.
Fare Collection: Metered or coupon as approved by LTFRB.
Body Make: Van, Sedan, Utility Vehicle, SUV, or similar.
Features: GNSS, Wi-Fi, CCTV, dashboard camera, compliance standards, lay-over/garage requirements.

Taxis offer door-to-door services with specific body makes, seating arrangements, and modern features. With a focus on adherence to LTFRB specifications, these services provide flexible and convenient transit options for individuals with specific travel requirements.

Transportation Network Vehicle Services (TNVS): Door-to-Door Convenience

Operation: Door-to-door service.
Fare Collection: Pre-arranged fare as authorized by LTFRB.
Body Make: Van, Sedan, Utility Vehicle, SUV, or similar.
Features: GNSS, Wi-Fi, CCTV, dashboard camera, compliance standards, lay-over/garage requirements.

TNVS are just like taxis. They offer pre-arranged door-to-door services with specific body makes, seating arrangements, and modern features. With a focus on adherence to LTFRB specifications, these services provide flexible, convenient, and comfortable transit options for individuals with specific travel requirements.

Tourist Transport Services: Tailored Experiences for Visitors

Operation: Transport services for tourists.
Fare Collection: Based on contract overseen by LTFRB.
Body Make: Coach, Mini-coach, Coaster, Van, Car, SUV.
Features: GNSS, Wi-Fi, CCTV, speed limiter, compliance standards, lay-over/garage requirements.
Requirements: DOT endorsement for franchise application.

Dedicated to transporting tourists with a focus on contracts and oversight by the LTFRB, tourist transport services utilize a variety of vehicles. Coaches, mini-coaches, coasters, vans, or cars ensure a comfortable and enjoyable experience for visitors, complemented by modern features and compliance with environmental standards.

Shuttle Service: Flexible and Contract-Based Transit

Operation: No fixed route.
Fare Collection: Based on contract overseen by LTFRB.
Body Make: Same as bus and/or mini-bus.
Features: GNSS, Wi-Fi, CCTV, speed limiter, compliance standards, lay-over/garage requirements.

Operating without a fixed route, shuttle services offer contract-based transit with features mirroring those of buses and mini-buses. These services provide flexible options for organizations and businesses, adhering to the LPTRP and LTFRB specifications.

Route Connectivity Policy

The Route Connectivity Policy emphasizes the role of PUBs and Mini Buses on major roads, while PUJs, Filcabs, and UV Express Services may provide intermodal transfers at bus stops on minimal portions of PUB corridors.

New or Developmental Routes

The guidelines also address new or developmental routes, ensuring minimal overlap with existing routes of up to 25% and allowing for restructuring based on marked changes in trip patterns and demands.

Summary

The detailed specifications and classifications of public transport modes, including Public Utility Buses (PUBs), Mini-buses, Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJs), and others, are governed by the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB). Each mode, from its seating arrangements to technological features, adheres to specific guidelines. These guidelines, defined by the LPTRP, reflect the DOTr’s and the LTFRB’s commitment to efficiency, connectivity, and modernity. As the nation evolves, so too does its approach to transit, ensuring that the diverse needs of the commuting public are met with a comprehensive and well-organized transportation network.