Tips

The Land Transportation Office (LTO) requires drivers with violations to take the Driver Reorientation Course (DRC) and secure a Certificate of Completion (COC) prior to application for driver’s license renewal, thanks to the provisions of Sections 14 and 15 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) as well as Section 26 of the Republic Act 4136, otherwise known as the Land Transportation and Traffic Code. This is a requirement particularly for those who wish to renew their license but have accrued at least five (5) to ten (10) demerit points or more as well as those who have committed the same violation for at least three (3) times during the validity of the driver’s license.

This Driver’s Reorientation Course (DRC) is also a lot like the Comprehensive Driver Education (CDE) course, as it culminates with a written exam. The only difference is it is exclusively designed for those with violations and is only taken in person, while proctored by either a Traffic Safety Division (TSD) or a Driver Education Center (DEC) personnel. Like the CDE Validation exam, it covers questions related to different road scenarios and situations, driving policies, rules and regulations, traffic signs, and traffic and driving laws in the Philippines.

LTO Driver Reorientation Course (DRC) Examination Reviewer Answer Key

To help you refresh your knowledge and test your level of proficiency in taking the DRC written exam, you can check how well you did in the DRC exam reviewer using this answer key.

Do note that the DRC exam is also available in English and Filipino and also features 25 multiple choice questions to be answered within 30 minutes. It also requires at least 80% or 20 correct answers to pass.

1. The necessary distance in between you and a vehicle you are following should be:
   The correct answer is B. The same length as a full vehicle
2. In a roundabout or rotunda, which has road rights?
   The correct answer is B. The vehicles in the roundabout
3. A red flag or red light should be attached to any vehicle cargo that exceeds:
   The correct answer is B. One meter from the back of the car
4. A pedestrian runs across the street when you are about to move off from a red light. What should you do?
   The correct answer is B. Wait until pedestrian crossed
5. Which of the traffic lights requires you to prepare for a stop?
   The correct answer is A. Yellow/Amber
6. A storage compartment attached at the side of the motorcycle not higher than the seat of motorcycle that is considered as motorcycle accessory:
   The correct answer is C. Saddle Bags/Box
7. Who has the authority to confiscate a driver’s license during a normal traffic violation?
   The correct answer is A. LTO Law Enforcement Officers or LTO Deputized Agents
8. A blue traffic light means:
   The correct answer is C. None, there are no blue traffic lights
9. What is the meaning of a triangle traffic sign with a red border color?
   The correct answer is A. Warning signs
10. Obtaining a driver’s license is?
    The correct answer is A. A privilege
11. What should you do whenever you are driving on a highway with a lot of potholes?
    The correct answer is B. Decrease speed
12. Double broken yellow line in the road means:
    The correct answer is B. You are allowed to overtake on the left or right side if there is no danger
13. What is the meaning of blinking a red traffic light?
    The correct answer is A. Stop and proceed if there is no danger ahead
14. What should a driver do if his/her driver’s license was lost?
    The correct answer is C. File an affidavit of loss and apply for a duplicate license
15. Can a driver who had the opportunity to avoid a road crash and neglected to avoid such road crash be jointly held liable?
    The correct answer is A. Yes
16. What is the meaning of yellow arrow traffic light?
    The correct answer is B. The red arrow traffic light is about to light up
17. While driving, you should look at your side and rear view mirror:
    The correct answer is A. Quickly
18. In which place should you not overtake?
    The correct answer is C. All the answers are correct
19. What is the meaning of the continuous yellow line in the road?
    The correct answer is A. It is prohibited to overtake
20. If you feel drowsy while driving, it is important that you:
    The correct answer is A. Park at a safe place, and take a short break before proceeding
21. When can a child be exempted to be seated in a child restraint system?
    The correct answer is C. If the child requires immediate medical treatment
22. If the driver of the vehicle in front of you is stretching his left arm out and gives you a hand signal pointing to the left, he will:
    The correct answer is A. Turn left
23. What should you do if the vehicle behind you wants to overtake your vehicle?
    The correct answer is C. Slow down, stay on the right, and let it overtake
24. When is it legal to use the shoulder of a road when overtaking another vehicle?
    The correct answer is C. During normal circumstances, you are not legally allowed to pass using the shoulder of a road
25. A red flag or red light should be attached to any vehicle cargo that exceeds:
    The correct answer is B. One meter from the back of the car
26. While changing lanes, you should give signal, check your rear view mirror and:
    The correct answer is A. Watch out for incoming vehicles
27. Broken yellow line on the road means:
    The correct answer is A. You are allowed to overtake on the left side
28. What is the required color of tail lights?
    The correct answer is C. Red
29. In which place are you prohibited from parking?
    The correct answer is B. In a pedestrian crossing
30. What is the basic rule within the intersection?
    The correct answer is A. Do not block the intersection
31. It is more dangerous to turn left than to turn right because:
    The correct answer is B. You have to be aware and cautious from vehicles coming from left or right sides of the road
32. When a driver sees the yellow light signal changes to red, and a vehicle is already in the intersection to turn left or right. What should the driver do?
    The correct answer is C. Continue to proceed through the intersection even if the light on the signal to the left or right is red
33. What should a law enforcer do upon seizing a motorcycle from a traffic offender?
    The correct answer is C. Send the motorcycle to the impounding area
34. If you are caught due to a violation, how many days are given for you to settle your case and get your license back?
    The correct answer is B. 15 days
35. What is the main use of hazard markers?
    The correct answer is A. To remind the driver of changes in the direction of travel
36. What should you do when you approach a roadwork with a temporary maximum speed limit sign?
    The correct answer is A. Comply with the sign at all times
37. You are not allowed to cross a lane with continuous yellow line on the road except if you are:
    The correct answer is A. Turning left
38. When can a driver be allowed to use his mobile phone while driving?
    The correct answer is C. Calling authorities to report a crime or road crash
39. Where should an auxiliary lamp installed on a motorcycle be directed at?
    The correct answer is B. Pointed rightward
40. When should a driver make a decision?
    The correct answer is B. While driving to anticipate other driver’s actions
41. When parking downhill, you should turn your front wheels:
    The correct answer is A. Toward the curve of the sidewalk
42. You should not use a mobile phone while riding a motorcycle because:
    The correct answer is C. It is prohibited by law and it distracts your attention while driving
43. Under R.A. No. 11229, what is the allowable age that a child may sit in the front passenger seat of a car?
    The correct answer is A. More than 12 years old
44. What should you bring before driving a vehicle?
    The correct answer is A. Driver’s license, vehicle registration, and receipt of last LTO payment for the vehicle
45. A good driving attitude of a driver is to?
    The correct answer is B. Drive defensively
46. In case a road crash involving physical injury, the first duty of the involved driver is:
    The correct answer is A. Attend to the injured person and call for help
47. When loading or unloading passengers, we usually stop at the:
    The correct answer is A. Right side of the road nearest the sidewalk
48. What is the maximum penalty for driving under the influence of liquor or prohibited drugs?
    The correct answer is C. Perpetual revocation of license
49. Who is exempted from Republic Act No. 10666 or Children’s Safety on Motorcycle Act?
    The correct answer is B. Child who needs to be transported for immediate medical attention
50. How does alcohol affect you?
    The correct answer is C. It reduces your concentration
51. When do you need to check your engine oil level?
    The correct answer is C. When the engine is cold
52. What is the meaning of a yellow traffic light?
    The correct answer is B. Prepare to stop, red traffic light is about to light up
53. How much is the penalty for the second offenses of R.A. 10666 Children’s Safety on Motorcycle Act of 2015?
    The correct answer is B. Php 5,000.00
54. You can overtake on the right side of your vehicle if?
    The correct answer is C. The road has two or more lanes going in one direction
55. Having a license means you can drive?
    The correct answer is B. Vehicles allowed indicated in your license
56. The vehicle is parked if:
    The correct answer is A. The vehicle is stationary with the engine turned off
57. When parking uphill and parallel to the sidewalk, you should turn the wheel:
    The correct answer is C. Away from the sidewalk curb
58. What should you prepare for a long trip?
    The correct answer is C. All answers are correct
59. What should be the speed of a vehicle when passing markets, school zones or crowded streets?
    The correct answer is B. Maximum of 20kph
60. When more than one driver arrives at a four-way stop, who has the right-of-way?
    The correct answer is A. The driver who arrived first should be the first to go
61. What should you do when an ambulance comes up behind you flashing red lights and/or sounding its siren?
    The correct answer is A. Pull over to the right and slow down or even stop if necessary
62. If your vehicle is stopped at an intersection, in what color of traffic light can you compose your text messages?
    The correct answer is A. None, texting is prohibited even if the vehicle is stopped at an intersection
63. What is the authority granted by LTO to a person who desires to learn to operate a motor vehicle valid for a period of one year?
    The correct answer is C. Student Driver’s Permit
64. You can overtake on a highway if it has two lanes with?
    The correct answer is C. Broken yellow line
65. Driving a long and wide truck on a curve, you are about to turn and there is a motorcycle overtaking on a curve coming from the opposite direction, how do you react to this situation?
    The correct answer is A. If possible, stop to avoid road crash
66. The vehicle horn is used for:
    The correct answer is A. Giving warning to avoid accident
67. To help reduce air pollution using your brake, what should you do?
    The correct answer is A. Brake properly
68. You are planning a long trip. Do you need to plan rest stops?
    The correct answer is C. Yes, regular stops help avoid mental and physical fatigue
69. If the brake light of the vehicle in front of you lights up, you should:
    The correct answer is A. Prepare to break
70. One good rule to observe when you cannot see clearly while driving in adverse weather condition is to:
    The correct answer is C. Turn on the hazard lights and proceed cautiously
71. What is the initial Driver’s License Classification for applicants of a new license?
    The correct answer is B. Non professional driver’s license (NPDL)
72. How many hours may a Temporary Operator’s Permit (TOP) be used as a temporary driver’s license?
    The correct answer is A. 72 hours
73. You are not allowed to overtake at the foot bridge because?
    The correct answer is B. You cannot see incoming vehicles
74. Using a backbone motorcycle, which stand do you need to use when parking overnight?
    The correct answer is C. Center stand
75. What shall be the color of auxiliary lamps installed at the front of a vehicle?
    The correct answer is C. White or yellowish white
76. After overtaking, you want to safely go back to the lane where you came from, you should:
    The correct answer is A. Use the rear view mirror to check the vehicle you have overtaken
77. Motorcycle riders must exercise safety and care at all times, and wear:
    The correct answer is B. Standard protective helmets
78. Before leaving the parking area, you should:
    The correct answer is C. Look around first
79. What will happen if the driver refuses to undergo mandatory testing, if such a driver is suspected of driving under the influence of liquor?
    The correct answer is B. Confiscation of driver’s license and consequent automatic revocation
80. What is the meaning of a green traffic light?
    The correct answer is A. The vehicle should not stop
81. You approach an intersection with malfunctioning traffic signals. What should you do?
    The correct answer is A. Treat the intersection as if there were “Stop” signs in all directions
82. What should you do to combat fatigue and sleepiness during a long road trip?
    The correct answer is A. Stop every once in a while and rest
83. Under R.A. 10666, which of the following prohibits the rider to convey a child?
    The correct answer is C. Where a speed limit of more than 60 kph is imposed
84. If you are going to drive slow on expressway, you should move on the:
    The correct answer is C. Right lane
85. What are white lines in the road for?
    The correct answer is B. Separates traffic going in one direction
86. When more than one driver arrives at a four-way stop, who has the right-of-way?
    The correct answer is A. The driver who arrived first should be the first to go
87. Which one is a mandate of LTO?
    The correct answer is B. Register roadworthy and emission complaint motor vehicles
88. A blinking yellow traffic light means?
    The correct answer is A. Slow down and proceed if there is no danger
89. What is the meaning of green arrow traffic light?
    The correct answer is A. Allowing vehicles to go right or left
90. The primary objective of looking ahead while driving is:
    The correct answer is B. To check the traffic ahead and changes of road condition
91. Driving with a fake license is prohibited and punishable by:
    The correct answer is C. Php 1500 and six months suspension in obtaining a license
92. Where can you contest an alleged traffic violation?
    The correct answer is A. At the traffic adjudication office concerned
93. In case of a breakdown, which of the following should not be done by a driver?
    The correct answer is B. Stay in the car until help comes
94. If you are approaching a curve, what should you do?
    The correct answer is B. Slow down
95. When do you need to switch on your turn signal?
    The correct answer is C. Before turning
96. What is the maximum and allowable width of the saddle box or bag?
    The correct answer is A. 14 inches from both sides
97. What is the maximum height that a driver can install his mobile phone from the base of the dashboard?
    The correct answer is B. 4 inches
98. Can a driver be given a 10-year validity license if he/she has a traffic violation/s?
    The correct answer is A. No
99. Among the list, who are exempted from speed limits?
    The correct answer is B. Doctors or their drivers going to an emergency
100. The minimum age in the application for a Non-Professional Driver’s License is?
     The correct answer is C. 17 years old

Summary

How well did you do on the mock Driver’s Reorientation Course (DRC) exam? If you were able to get at least 80% of the answers correctly, then it’s safe to say that you are as ready as you can be and can be well on your way to getting your license renewed. After all, the LTO DRC exam reviewer was designed to give you a feel of the actual LTO DRC exam. This Answer Key, on the other hand, presents how the LTO expects you to understand the principles of driving, as well as the kind of answers expected on the questions and situations described on the actual exam.

Driving on open roads provides a thrill like no other. It’s fun and exhilarating, but it is also brutal, with dangers lurking at every turn. There all kinds of traffic accidents and violations. It is for reasons like this that the Land Transportation Office (LTO) tries its best to regulate the drivers and vehicles by running strict tests and processes for driver’s license applications and vehicle registrations before they are allowed on the road. That being said, the risks do not always just involve the drivers and vehicles alone. Sometimes, external factors also threaten both drivers and vehicles on the road. 

External threats on the road can be pretty dangerous to both drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. After all, the lawless mind knows no bounds when it comes to committing acts of depredations upon persons and properties of innocent and defenseless drivers, disturbing the peace, order, and tranquility, effectively stunting the economic and social progress of the country. 

What is PD No. 532: Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery Law of 1974

Presidential Decree No. (PD) 532, otherwise known as the Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery Law of 1974, is a law signed into existence in August 1974, by former President Ferdinand E. Marcos, in an attempt to discourage lawless piracy and highway robbery or brigandage. It also has provisions to punish piracy, but not mutiny, within the Philippine territorial waters. Unfortunately, the provisions of PD No. 532 does not extend to piracy in the high seas, which is instead covered by the Revised Penal Code. 

Crimes Identified by PD 532 (Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery Law of 1974)

Some of the crimes provisioned for by PD 532 or the Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery Law of 1974 include:

Highway Robbery

Highway Robbery is defined by law as the seizure of any person for ransom, extortion, or other unlawful purposes. It also covers the act of taking away the property of another by means of violence against or intimidation of person or force upon things of other unlawful means, committed by any person on any Philippine Highway.

According to PD 532, it is considered Highway Robbery and is covered by the law if it satisfies the following:

• The indiscriminate robbery committed against persons who commute in public highways, regardless of the potentiality they offer.
• The robbery is committed by a brigand or one who roams in public highways and carries out his robbery in public highways as a venue, whenever the opportunity to do so arises.
• There is frequency in the commission of the robbery in public highways and against the persons traveling there.

Piracy in Philippine Territorial waters

Piracy is a crime against humanity (hostes humanes generis) that refers to any attack upon or seizure of any vessel, or the taking away of the whole or part of it or its cargo, equipment, or the personal belongings of its complement or passengers, irrespective of the value, by means of violence against or intimidation of persons or force upon things, committed by any person, including a passenger or member of the complement of said vessel, within Philippine waters. The offenders of piracy law are considered as pirates. 

According to PD 532, it is considered piracy and is covered by the law if it has the following elements of piracy:

• The vessel is on Philippine territorial waters;
• Offenders may or may not be members of its complement, or passengers of the vessel;
• The offenders commit the following acts:
  • Attack or seize a vessel on the high seas or in Philippine waters
  • Seize in the vessel while on the high seas or in Philippine waters the whole or part of its cargo, its equipment or personal belongings of its complement or passengers;
• The act was committed under any of the following circumstances:
  • Whenever they have seized a vessel by boarding or firing upon the same;
  • Whenever the pirates have abandoned their victims without means of saving themselves; or
  • Whenever the crime is accompanied by murder, homicide, physical injuries or rape.
• There is an intent to gain.

Aiding or abetting piracy 

PD 532 also has provisions for punishments for people who aid or protect pirates while committing their heinous acts. According to the law, it is considered as aiding or abetting piracy if the person commits the following:

• Knowingly aids or protects pirates;
• Acquires, receives, or benefits, directly or indirectly, from properties taken by the pirates;
• Directly or indirectly abets the commission of piracy

Penalties for Crimes Covered by PD 532 (Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery Law of 1974)

According to PD 532, any person who commits piracy or highway robbery and brigandage shall be punished as follows upon conviction by competent court: 

Piracy

The penalty for piracy are as follows:

• For regular piracy: The penalty to be imposed is Reclusion temporal (or twelve years and one day to twenty years of imprisonment) in its medium and maximum periods.
• If physical injuries or other crimes are committed: The penalty to be imposed is reclusion perpetua (twenty years and one day to forty years of imprisonment).
• If rape, murder, or homicide is committed as a result or on the occasion of piracy: The penalty to be imposed is the mandatory penalty of death or reclusion perpetua (twenty years and one day to forty years of imprisonment) since the death penalty has been abolished in the Philippines. 
• When the offenders abandon the victims without means of saving themselves: The penalty to be imposed is the mandatory penalty of death or reclusion perpetua (twenty years and one day to forty years of imprisonment) since the death penalty has been abolished in the Philippines. 
• When the seizure is accomplished by firing upon or boarding a vessel: The penalty to be imposed is the mandatory penalty of death or reclusion perpetua (twenty years and one day to forty years of imprisonment) since the death penalty has been abolished in the Philippines. 

Highway Robbery or Brigandage

For highway robbery or brigandage defined under PD 532, the penalty to be imposed are as follows:

• The penalty of reclusion temporal (or twelve years and one day to twenty years of imprisonment) in its minimum period shall be imposed. 
• If physical injuries or other crimes are committed during or on the occasion of the commission of robbery or brigandage, the penalty of reclusion temporal (or twelve years and one day to twenty years of imprisonment) in its medium and maximum periods shall be imposed. 
• If kidnapping for ransom or extortion, or murder or homicide, or rape is committed as well: then the penalty of death or reclusion perpetua (twenty years and one day to forty years of imprisonment) since the death penalty has been abolished in the Philippines, shall be imposed.

Video: Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery Law of 1974

Learn more about what PD 532 or the Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery Law of 1974 says by watching this explainer video from Mister Criminology:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

For more information, here are some common questions and answers that you can check out.

1. When is a robbery considered as ordinary Robbery (covered under the Revised Penal Code)?

Ordinary Robbery refers to crimes committed as follows:

• Committed on a highway against predetermined victims; 
• Committed on public highways occasionally against a predetermined victim, and without frequency in public highways;
• The crime committed on a public highway is only incidental and the offender is not a brigand.

2. What is a vessel?

According to PD 532 or the Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery Law of 1974, a vessel refers to any kinds and types of watercraft, vessel, or boat used as follows:

• For the transport of passengers and cargo; or
• For fishing

3. Can a crime be considered both as piracy and robbery?

No. Piracy cannot co-exist with the crime of robbery. Robbery, therefore, cannot be committed on board a vessel. But if the taking is without violence or intimidation on persons of force upon things, the crime of piracy cannot be committed, but only theft.

4. What are the different kinds of piracy?

Because of the provisions of PD 532, there are now two kinds of piracy:

• that which is punished under the Revised Penal Code if committed in the high seas; and
• that which is punished under Presidential Decree No. 532 if committed in Philippine territorial waters

5. What is a Philippine Highway?

The Philippine Highway refers to any road, street, passage, highway and bridges or other parts thereof, or railway or railroad within the Philippines used by persons, or vehicles, or locomotives or trains for the movement or circulation of persons or transportation of goods, articles, or property or both.

6. What is considered as Philippine Waters?

According to the law, the Philippine territorial waters refer to all bodies of water, such as but not limited to, seas, gulfs, bays around, between and connecting each of the Islands of the Philippine Archipelago. This covers all bodies of water irrespective of its depth, breadth, length, or dimension, as long as it belongs to the Philippines by historic or legal title. It also covers all territorial sea, the sea-bed, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction.

Summary

Presidential Decree No. 532, otherwise known as the Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery Law of 1974, is a law enacted in an attempt to protect drivers, car owners, and mariners from the lawless entities on Philippine highways and in the Philippine waters. Thanks to this law, many criminals who attempt crimes like piracy and highway robberies are deterred by the heavy penalties of the crime, giving the public some sense of safety.